Abstract: In this paper,studies were made of the special germplasm resources of walnuts and breed new varieties of walnuts in Sichuan.According to the resource investigation and fruit quality evaluation of spicate walnuts in different areas of Sichuan,results showed that (1) The germplasm resources of the spicate walnut were widely distributed in Sichuan,and six portions of resources were collected from Heishui County of Aba Prefecture,Chaotian District of Guangyuan City,Shunqing District of Nanchong City and Xinjin county of Chengdu City and other places.(2) Spicate walnuts showed that the results were more string-like or spicate,exhibiting the majority of 3 to 8,4 to 6 mostly,up to 12.(3) In the growth,the growth and largest branch of PAXH,the HSLH,HSZML,SQLG were top branch rates and collateral branch rates were all above 50%; Spicate walnuts had a better,HSLH,HSZML and CTYM were more than 0.40 kg·m^-2.(4) The average fruit weight was 12.09 g,kernel rate was 53.14% on an average,the shell thickness was 0.13 cm; the fruit external overall performance displayed HSZML > HSLH > SQLG > PAXH > XJPX > CTYM.(5) The average content of nucleolar fat was 67.47%,the highest HSZML was 70.76%; the average protein content was 15.35%,the highest HSLH was 17.90%; the average moisture content was 2.49%,and the lowest HSLH was 1.08%; In the oil composition,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid were quite different,PAXH oleic acid content was the highest,reaching 32.20%,XJPX linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the highest,reaching 64.40% and 10.90% respectively; the comprehensive performance of fruit internal quality was HSZML > HSLH > XJPX > CTYM > SQLG > PAXH.Therefore,through the comprehensive analysis of the evaluation indicators,HSZML,HSLH fruit appearance and internal quality had the best comprehensive performance.