捕食者气味成分研究及在放归中的应用

A Study of the Composition of Odours of Predators and the Application of Research Results in Letting Animals Return to Nature

摘要: 捕食者与被捕食者存在非常复杂的生态关系,被捕食者可以通过嗅觉刺激来检测捕食者的存在。气味来源于肉食动物粪便、皮腺分泌物、尿液、肛腺分泌物及排泄物组件中的一些挥发物,通常会引起同领域的啮齿动物产生先天性的恐惧行为及生理反应。草食动物的尿液通常带有一股非常强烈的草本植物气味,而大型猫科和犬科动物等肉食动物的尿液具有一股强烈的刺激性气味一般同区捕食者在对啮齿动物行为的影响要大于其他分区捕食者,而被捕食者对捕食者的反应通常认为是捕食者身上具有硫化物的缘故。捕食者的气味可以使被捕食者出现行为冻结、回避、防守等反应,也会对生理上产生负面影响。本文综述了捕食者气味对被捕食者的行为及生理上的影响研究并讨论其在野外放归中的重要意义及应用价值。

Abstract: There is an ecological relation between predators and prey species,and prey species are often able to detect predators by using olfactory cues. Odours of predators can cause the prey to produce the responses of behaviour freezing,avoidance or defensiveness. This paper deals with the influence of predators odours on the behavior and physiology of the prey species and practical applications in programs of letting animals return to nature.