Abstract: Investigations were made on insect pests damaging tree trunks of Zanthoxylum bungeanum plantation in Aba Zang-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The results indicated that the average proportion of Z. bungeanum damaged by insect pests was 85.2%,and current expectation of life of the trees was not more than 8 years in the prefecture. Dominated insect pests damaging tree trunks were Linda nigroscatata, Clytus validus,Stenhomalus taiwanus,Alcidodes sauteri. Linda nigroscatata and Alcidodes sauteri mainly damaged the trees in the region with lower elevation,and Clytus validus and Stenhomalus taiwanus damaged the trees in the region with higher elevation. Moreover,the preventive treatments for the insect pests were put forward in the paper.