Abstract: Carbon reserve of artificial forest ecosystem is one of the major carbon stocks of terrestrial ecological system. Negative environmental effects caused by clear-cutting and slash burning deserve careful thought. In this paper,28-years-old Chinese fir plantation in the rainy area of Southwest China was taken as the research objective,and the main aim was to clarify the effects of clear-cutting and slash burning on carbon stock of Chinese fir plantation. The results showed that (1) C transfer amount of wood caused by logging was 85.9 (±7.6) t·hm^-2,(2) C loss of logging residues,understorey and litter caused by slash burning were 8.8 (±0.3) t·hm^-2,0.19 (±0.02) t·hm^-2 and 2.80 (±0.08) t·hm^-2,respectively. (3) Slash burning could significantly decrease the content of soil organic carbon in 0~60 cm layer,the C loss was 39.5 (±1) t·hm^-2. The total release of CO₂ caused by burning of the understorey plants,litter and soil organic matter,was 188.1 t·hm^-2. In the global climate change,negative environmental effects caused by clear-cutting and slash burning of plantation nust not be ignored.