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平武县清漪江沟泥石流物源现存量分析

Analysis of Triggering Earth of Debris Flows in Qingyijiang Gully of Pingwu County,Sichuan Province

  • 摘要: 清漪江沟为涪江上游平通河的一条支沟,位于四川省平武县境内,曾多次发生泥石流灾害。2010年8月12日清漪江流域降雨112 mm,由此引发山洪和泥石流。泥石流发生后的第16天,调查了宽坝林场场部至锁江乡立石沟19.73 km长的两岸汇水沟、侵蚀沟和不同类型崩塌体的发生数量及其泥石流物源的现存量。结果表明,调查区段内,两岸有大小汇水沟54条,密度2.7条·km-1,在林地和耕地上新形成了65条侵蚀沟,密度3.3条·km-1,沟口的物源现存量达1 264 m3,密度为64 m3·km-1;有394处大小不同的崩塌体,数量密度为20处·km-1;现存的崩塌体量共7 324 m3,现存量密度达371 m3·km-1。南坡和北坡的崩塌数量和现存量存在很大的差异,南坡崩塌了286处,数量密度为14.5处·km-1,占河流两岸崩塌数的72.6%;崩塌现存量5 486 m3,现存量密度为278.1 m3·km-1,占崩塌现存总量的74.9%;北坡崩塌了108处,数量密度为5.5处·km-1,占河流两岸崩塌数的27.4%;崩塌体现存量1 838 m3,现存量密度为93.2 m3·km-1,占崩塌体现存总量的25.1%。分析还表明,人为活动是泥石流物源的主要来源,尤其是耕地。因此,在泥石流灾害治理中,应重视和引导农村调整产业结构,改善生态环境,提高防灾减灾的综合治理能力。

     

    Abstract: Qingyijiang Gully, loeated in Pingwu county of Sichuan Province, is one of the tributaries of the Pingtong River of the Fujiang River system. Debris flow disasters happened many times in the past. The rainfall reached 112 mm in Qingyijiang Gully on August 12th, 2008,therefore causing torrential flood and debris flows. The amounts of catchments, erosion gully and collapse body were measured on both sides of the 19.73 km long river between Kuanba forestry farm and Suojiang town after 16 days of the debris flows. The results showed that in the forestry lands and cultivated lands there were 54 catchments found in the surveyed area, whose density was 2.7 strips·km-1, and 65 erosions, whose density was 3.3 strips·km-1. And there were 1 264 m3 of quantities of triggering earth in the outlet, whose volume's density was 64 m3·km-1. 394 collapse bodies broke out in the surveyed section, their collapse volume was 7 324 m3. However, significant differences between collapse points and standing collapse volume were found between southern slope and northern slope of the river, collapse points and standing collapse volume in the southern slope were all superior to northern slope. On the collapse points, 286 points were found in the southern slope (which occupied 72.6% of all collapse points), whose point density was 14.5 points· km-1, but 108 points in the northern slope (which occupied 27.4% of all collapse points), whose point density was 6.5 points·km-1. And on the standing collapse volume, there were 5 486 m3 in the southern slope, which occupied 74.9% of all collapse earth, whose density was 278.1 m 3 ·km-1, while 1 838 m3 in the northern slope, which occupied only 25.1% of all collapse earth, whose density was only to 93.2 m3·km-1. The analysis also showed that human activities were the main cause of debris flow source, especially arable land. So, in the debris flow hazard treatment, attention should be paid to guiding the rural industrial structure adjustment,and trying the improvement of ecological environment, and enhancing the comprehensive management ability of disaster prevention and mitigation.

     

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