Abstract: Slash burning, a traditional land-clearing method, has been widely applied in planting in Rainy Area of Southwest China fir forest. Slash burning not only burns the harvesting residues and the ground vegetation, but also changes nutrients in soil. In this paper, the slash burning experiment was conducted on the deforested land of the 28-old-year Chinese fir forest,aiming to study its short-term effects on soil nutrients. The results showed that (1) Slash burning significantly increased pH value of soil. (2) After slash burning, total soil N, P and Ca concentrations in soil were significantly increased. After 9 months, total soil N, P and Ca concentrations in soil were slightly increased. After slash burning, K and Mg in soil increased at first and then decreased; after 9 months, total K concentration of 20 cm~40 cm layer increased than that of the control, and total K concentration in the other layers decreased than that in the control. Mg concentration of 0~20 cm layer significantly increased,and Mg concentration of the other layers decreased than that of the control. (3) At the beginning of slash burning, soil available N concentration slightly increased. After 7 months, it increased significantly, and soil available N concentration increased higher than the control after 9 months. After slash burning, available P concentration was significantly higher than that of control. Soil available K concentration in the soil of 20 cm~40 cm, 40 cm~60 cm in early slash burning decreased, and then increased. After 9 months, available K in 20 cm~40 cm soil was less than that in control, but that in the other two layers was higher than that in control.