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赤霉素对茉莉冬季自然休眠期生长及生理的影响

The effect of exogenous application of gibberellin in winter on the growth and physiology of Jasminum sambac during natural dormancy

  • 摘要: 探明外源赤霉素(GA3)对茉莉休眠的调控作用,为冬季茉莉鲜切叶规模化生产提供技术支撑。以双瓣茉莉(Jasminum sambac)为试材,设置 50、100、150 mg/L GA3及清水对照(CK)4 个处理,单次叶面喷施后,系统测定植株生长指标、光合参数及关键生理指标,分析不同浓度 GA3的调控效应差异。冬季自然休眠期外源施加 GA3可显著促进茉莉生长及生理活性,且调控效应存在显著浓度依赖性。150 mg/L GA3处理下,茉莉株高相对增量达 17.98 cm、净光合速率达 9.59 μmol·m−2·s−1、叶绿素总量达 1.71 mg/g,均显著高于对照,可通过增强光合效能有效打破休眠;100 mg/L 处理下地径增量 1.18 mm、高径比 11.65、新生枝条数 1.33 条,均为各处理最高,对地上部形态建成和鲜切叶产量提升表现出较好效果;50 mg/L 处理可显著提高叶片可溶性糖含量及内源 6-BA 含量,较适宜用于优化植株内源激素平衡。不同浓度 GA3均可不同程度促进茉莉地上部生长、提高瞬时光合参数和内源生长类激素含量,但对植株生物量积累存在一定抑制作用;对根系活力、渗透调节物质含量、叶绿素含量而言,低浓度 GA3表现为抑制效应,中高浓度表现为促进效应。冬季自然休眠期外源施加 GA3可有效打破茉莉休眠、促进营养生长,不同浓度 GA3的调控侧重点不同,可根据生产目标选择适配浓度。

     

    Abstract: This study explored the regulatory effect of exogenous gibberellin (GA3) on the dormancy of Jasminum sambac during winter natural dormancy, to provide technical support for the commercial production of fresh-cut leaves of J. sambac in winter.J. sambac was used as the test material, with four treatments set up: 50, 100, 150 mg/L GA3 and clear water control (CK). After a single foliar spray, growth indicators, photosynthetic parameters, and key physiological indicators were determined to analyze the concentration-dependent regulatory effects of GA3. Exogenous GA3 application in winter natural dormancy significantly promoted the growth and physiological activity of J. sambac, with significant concentration-dependent differences. Specifically, 150 mg/L GA3 significantly increased the relative increment of plant height (17.98 cm), net photosynthetic rate (9.59 μmol·m−2·s−1), and total chlorophyll content (1.71 mg/g), which could effectively break dormancy by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. The 100 mg/L treatment had the highest ground diameter increment (1.18 mm), height-diameter ratio (11.65), and number of new branches (1.33), showing good effects on aboveground morphogenesis and fresh-cut leaf yield improvement. The 50 mg/L treatment significantly increased soluble sugar content and endogenous 6-BA content, which was suitable for optimizing the balance of endogenous hormones. GA3 treatments at different concentrations promoted the aboveground growth, increased instantaneous photosynthetic parameters and endogenous growth-promoting hormone content to varying degrees, but had a certain inhibitory effect on plant biomass accumulation. For root activity, osmotic adjustment substance content and chlorophyll content, low concentration of GA3 showed an inhibitory effect, while medium and high concentrations showed a promoting effect. Exogenous GA3 application in winter natural dormancy can effectively break dormancy and promote vegetative growth of J. sambac. GA3 at different concentrations has different regulatory focuses, and the suitable concentration can be selected according to the production target.

     

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