Abstract: Baoxing County, located in Sichuan Province, is characterized by a wide altitude difference, diverse climate, abundant animal and plant resources, and forest resources, and is an important part of the World Natural Heritage giant panda habitat and ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on MODIS remote sensing inversion data from 2001 to 2020, the spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation net primary productivity in Baoxing County were studied by using the methods of Sen trend analysis, Mann Kendall trend significance analysis, and center of gravity shift analysis. The results showed that: (1) The NPP of forest vegetation in Baoxing County showed an overall upward trend, with the NPP of evergreen coniferous forest and deciduous coniferous forest increasing at the rate of 5.7 g C·m²·a and 10.9 g C·m²·a, respectively. The NPP of evergreen broad - leaved forest vegetation has decreased significantly, with an average reduction of 19.0 g C·m²·a, indicating that the carbon sequestration capacity of the forest ecosystem in Baoxing County was generally enhanced. (2) The forest ecosystem in Baoxing County remained relatively stable in the past 20 years. The high-value areas of vegetation NPP were mainly concentrated in the southern and southeastern mountainous areas, and the ecological functions of vegetation were showing a trend of recovery. The spatial center of gravity of vegetation NPP was generally stable, with only a significant shift around 2012. However, some forest types and ecological disturbances still had important impacts on local regional functions. The average annual vegetation NPP of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Baoxing County was the highest for many years; (3) The spatial pattern evolution of vegetation NPP in Baoxing County was stable, with high vegetation NPP areas concentrated in the southern mountainous areas, warm color areas expanding, and low value areas shrinking, indicating an overall improvement in vegetation productivity during the study period. The spatial center of gravity of vegetation NPP had the characteristics of local annual shift, but the overall average annual shift was small and the path fluctuation was limited, indicating strong stability of the forest ecosystem structure in this region. The research results were of great significance for the sustainable management of mixed forests and dominant coniferous forests in Baoxing County, the restoration and reconstruction of giant panda habitats, the adjustment of forest structure and precise improvement of functions, as well as the continuous enhancement of forest ecosystem carbon sequestration capacity.