Abstract: In present study, the geographical distribution, collection history, and leaf morphological variation characteristics of Juglans regia L. in China were systematically sorted out for the first time by integrating 1262 valid records of digital specimens publicly released on platforms such as the China Virtual Herbarium (CVH). And a comprehensive analysis was further conducted in combination with environmental factors such as altitude and season. The results showed that there were significant differences in the geographical distribution of walnut specimens. Sichuan had the largest number of specimens (371), while Guangdong and Shanghai were the smallest (3 each). The regions around the Sichuan Basin, the Qinling Mountains, and the northern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were the core distribution areas. The collection time spanned from 1910 to 2020. Driven by the national resource survey, a historical peak was formed in 1950−1959 (303 specimens, accounting for 26.37%), while only 2 new specimens were added since 2020. Collections in spring and summer accounted for 87.9%, with a serious shortage in autumn and winter. The altitude of the collection sites is concentrated in two intervals. The range of 1000−1599 m was the main distribution altitude peak, and many specimens were also collected in the 0−199 m range, with the highest altitude reaching 5323 m. Leaf morphology showed regional differences, in. And the leaves in Chongqing were the most slender (length/width ratio: 2.997±0.614), whilethe leaves in Qinghaiwere the widest and roundest (1.578±0.226). The variation coefficient -of leaf morphology in the southwest China was the largest. Based on leaf morphology, 18 provinces could be divided into 3 morphological and geographical groups, and each group was highly related to climate and altitude. The study confirmed that the digital specimens in the collection could effectively make up for the gaps of traditional field investigations in time and space scales, and provide the potencial resource informations scientific basis for the protection of walnut germplasms, superior varieties breedings and ecological geography.