Investigation on the diversity of mammals and birds is an important part of the background survey of biological resources in nature reserves, and it is also an important foundation for

a deeper understanding of the ecosystem. From March 2021 to December 2023, 130 infrared cameras were deployed in Yunnan Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve to monitor 375 sites in 244 grids. A total of 93 958 effective camera working days were accumulated, and 21 545 independent and effective records were achieved. 35 species belonging to 17 families and 6 orders of mammals, 83 species belonging to 21 families and 6 orders of birds were identified, including 8 species of first-class national key protected wild animals and 35 species of second-class national key protected wild animals. 8 new record species of protected areas were recorded, namely: Mustela kathiah, Nisaetus cirrhatus, Accipiter trivirgatus, Trochalopteron chrysopterum, Turdus feae, Turdus obscurus, Turdus naumanni, and Tarsiger rufilatus. The top 5 animals in terms of relative abundance index were Dremomys pernyi, Elaphodus cephalophus, Macaca mulatta, Rhinopithecus bieti, and Martes flavigula; The top 5 in terms of grid occupancy rate were Martes flavigula, Rhinopithecus bieti, Dremomys pernyi, Capricornis milneedwardsii, and Macaca mulatta. The top 5 birds in terms of relative abundance index were Ithaginis cruentus, Chrysolophus amherstiae, Myophonus caeruleus, Tragopan temminckii, and Pucrasia macrolopha; The top 5 in terms of grid occupancy were Ithaginis cruentus, Pucrasia macrolopha, Tragopan temminckii, Chrysolophus amherstiae, and Myophonus caeruleus. In the mid-altitude section (3 000～3 500 m), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and the core areas, the species of birds and mammals were the most abundant. There were significant differences in the number of mammals captured at a single site in different vegetation types and different altitudes, but there was no significant difference in different functional areas. There was no significant difference in the number of birds at different altitudes, different vegetation types and different functional areas. The destruction of human activities and the living environment was the cause of the absence of top predators such as felines in the protected area. In addition, the predation pressure of herbivorous animals in the reserve was small, so it was appropriate to reintroduce top predators to maintain ecosystem balance. This study emphasized the species diversity and distribution of mammals and birds in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve.