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四川都江堰离堆公园半寄生植物分布及影响因素

Distribution and influencing factors of hemiparasite in Lidui Park, Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province

  • 摘要: 园林树木是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,调查了解园林树木的半寄生植物(桑寄生科和槲寄生属)分布并进行影响因素研究十分必要。调查四川都江堰离堆公园的半寄生植物发现,1362株木本植物中有21科30属30种171株成为半寄生植物的寄主植物,总寄生率达12.8%;寄生植物总丛数有490丛,平均寄生强度为2.8丛。寄生植物主要分布在邻水和邻低矮建筑的开阔区域,寄生率和寄生偏好最大的物种是杜梨、皂荚、构树、垂柳、枫杨、水杉。有五个变量与寄生率呈正相关(落叶、高度、胸径、邻水、邻建筑),一个变量(可供鸟类食用)与寄生率呈负相关,另有三个变量(高度、落叶、可供鸟类食用)与寄生强度正相关。建议有针对性地清除离堆公园古树上的半寄生植物,并进一步开展半寄生植物影响效应研究,科学维护离堆公园的生物多样性。

     

    Abstract: Due to the importance of ornamental trees in urban ecosystem, it is crucial to investigate and understand the distribution, prevalence, and intensity of semi-parasitic plants (Loranthaceae and Viscum spp.) of garden trees and study the influencing factors. A survey of semi-parasitic plants in Lidui Park, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, showed that out of 1,362 woody plants, 171 individuals belonging to 30 species, 30 genera, and 21 families were served as the host plants of mistletoe, resulting in an overall parasitism rate of 12.8%. A total of 490 mistletoe clusters were recorded, with an average infestation intensity of 2.8 clusters per host. Parasitic plants were predominantly found in open areas adjacent to water bodies and low-rise buildings. The tree species with the highest parasitism rate and host preference were Pyrus betulaefolia, Gleditsia sinensis, Broussonetia papyrifera, Salix babylonica, Pterocarya stenoptera, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Five variables (leaf habit, height, DBH, adjacent to water body, adjacent to building construction) were positively correlated with the parasitism rate. One variable (edible for birds) was negatively correlated with the parasitism rate. Another three variables (height, leaf habit, edible for birds) had a significant positive impact on the parasitism intensity. It is recommend that the semi-parasitic plants on the ancient trees in Lidui Park should be removed in a targeted manner, and further research on the impact of semi-parasitci plants should be carried out to maintain the biodiversity of Lidui Park.

     

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