Abstract: Soil organic carbon pool is an important part of global carbon cycle. As an important soil carbon pool, peatland plays a key role in global carbon cycle. Peatland soil respiration is an important process in the peatland carbon cycle, and its impact on carbon balance and climate change has attracted widespread attention in the context of climate change. This paper reviews the progress of research on biotic and abiotic factors and temporal and spatial variations affecting soil respiration in peatlands around the world, understands and predicts the response of peatland ecosystems to environmental change and their feedbacks, and discusses their future directions, with a view to suggesting certain directions for peatland conservation in the future. It is expected to provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of peatland ecosystems, provide an important reference for an in-depth understanding of the peatland carbon cycle and global climate change, and be of great significance for the prediction of regional carbon cycle in the context of global climate change.