Abstract: Soil organic carbon pool is an important part of global carbon cycle. As an important soil carbon pool, peatland plays a key role in global carbon cycle. Soil respiration in peatland is an important process of carbon cycle in peatland, and its impact on carbon balance and climate change has attracted widespread attention in the context of climate change. In this paper, the research progress of biotic and abiotic factors, temporal and spatial variations and other aspects that affecting soil respiration in peatlands around the world was reviewed, so as to understand and predict the responses and feedbacks of peatland ecosystem to environmental changes, and to discuss their future directions in order to put forwad a certain directions for peatland conservation in the future. It is expected to provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of peatland ecosystems, provide an important reference for an in-depth understanding of the peatland carbon cycle and global climate change, and be of great significance for the prediction of regional carbon cycle in the context of global climate change.