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冻雨灾害下青龙山林场树木损伤特征与抗性评估

Tree Damage Characteristics and Resistance Assessment Under Ice Storm in Qinglongshan Forest Farm

  • 摘要: 探讨冻雨灾害对不同树种的损伤类型及其脆弱性,揭示树木生物学特性与其抗灾能力之间的关系,为森林资源管理、冻雨灾害防护及林业可持续经营提供科学依据。通过分析2024年2月武汉市江夏区青龙山林场树木的损伤情况,应用描述性统计和单因素方差分析(ANOVA),主成分分析(PCA)和结构方程模型(SEM)评估树木特性与损伤类型之间的关系,相关分析(Pearson)探索次要影响,结果表明:(1)不同树种在损伤类型上存在显著差异。香樟和马尾松因冠幅较大、结构相对脆弱,表现出较高的腰折和断梢发生率;杉木在折枝方面受损明显,但整体损伤较轻。(2)树冠形状、枝干结构和木材密度等生物学特性是影响树木抗冻能力的关键因素,环境因素(如坡位和坡向)与树木损伤存在一定的相关性。冻雨频发区域应优先选择抗冻性强、恢复快的树种(如杉木),并减少香樟等易受冻害树种的栽种,以降低整体受灾风险。

     

    Abstract: This study investigates the damage types and vulnerability of different tree species under freezing rain disasters, reveals the relationship between tree biological characteristics and disaster resistance capabilities, and provides a scientific basis for forest resource management, freezing rain disaster prevention, and sustainable forestry operations. By analyzing tree damage data from Qinglongshan Forest Farm in Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in February 2024,descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to evaluate the relationship between tree characteristics and damage types, with Pearson correlation analysis exploring secondary influences. The results showed that: (1) Significant differences in damage types existed among tree species. Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) and Pinus massoniana (Masson pine), with their large crown sizes and relatively fragile structures, exhibited high incidences of trunk breakage and crown breakage , while C. lanceolata (China fir) showed prominent branch breakage but overall lighter damage severity. (2) Biological characteristics such as crown shape, branch structure, and wood density were key factors affecting freeze resistance, and environmental factors (e.g., slope position and aspect) demonstrated correlations with tree damage. In freezing rain-prone areas, priority should be given to planting species with strong freeze tolerance and rapid recovery capacity (e.g., China fir), while reducing the cultivation of freeze-sensitive species like camphor trees to mitigate overall disaster risks.

     

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