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王朗国家级自然保护区岩羊种群数量和分布初探

A Preliminary Study on the Population Abundance and Distribution of Blue Sheep in Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China

  • 摘要: 岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)广泛分布于青藏高原及其周边地区,王朗国家级自然保护区位于其分布的东缘,但对该保护区岩羊的种群数量和分布研究较少。2020年5月~2021年8月,采用样线法对保护区的岩羊种群数量与分布进行了调查。共记录岩羊实体1 012只,其中117只独羊,另外895只集成142群。平均集群大小为6.31只±1.52只(2~36只),2只一群的占比最高,为总群数的11.86%。142个群中,混合群最多,占总群数的65.49%。Distance 6.0的分析结果表明,该保护区的岩羊种群数量约为3 144只(1 989~4 970只)。岩羊在保护区内集中分布于大窝凼右一支沟、竹根岔右一支沟、竹根岔右二支沟、铁板房、大草坪5个片区,分布海拔为2 000~3 679 m,集中分布于海拔3 000 m以上。MaxEnt模型分析结果显示,放牧、植被类型、海拔和到居民点距离是保护区内与岩羊分布相关的主要环境因素。MaxEnt模型和ArcMap计算结果表明,保护区有岩羊适宜生境面积181.25 km2、次适宜生境面积56.42 km2,两部分总面积为237.67 km2,占保护区总面积的73.59%。本研究丰富了王朗自然保护区内岩羊种群分布特征和数量估计的基础资料,为保护区的管理提出了针对性建议,对岩羊及其栖息地的保护具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are widely distributed across the Tibetan Plateau. Wanglang National Nature Reserve is located in the eastern margin of its distribution area, but the population quantity and distribution of blue sheep in Wanglang area are less known. From May 2020 to August 2021, the abundance and distribution of blue sheep in Wanglang National Nature Reserve were investigated. A total of 1 012 blue sheep were recorded, among which 117 were single sheep and another 895 were integrated into 142 groups, with a mean group size of 6.31±1.52(2-36). Small herd size of 2 blue sheep was the most common group size, accounting for 11.86% of the total population. Among the 142 groups, the mixed groups were the most frequently observed, accounting for 65.49% of the total number. The analysis results of Distance 6.0 showed that the number of blue sheep in Wanglang National Nature Reserve was about 3 144 (1 989-4 970). In Wanglang area, the blue sheep were distributed in five areas, namely, the first branch ditch of Dawodang, the first branch ditch of Zhugencha, the second branch ditch of Zhugencha, the Tiebanfang, and the Great Lawn. The altitude distribution range was 2 000-3 679 m, and the main altitude distribution was above 3 000 m. The MaxEnt model analysis results showed the grazing, vegetation type, elevation and distance from settlement were the main environmental factors related to the distribution of blue sheep in this area. The MaxEnt model and ArcMap calculation showed that there were 181.25 km2 suitable habitat area, 56.42 km2 sub-suitable habitat area, and the total area of the two parts was 237.67 km2, accounting for 73.59% of the nature reserve. The content of this study enriched the basic data of blue sheep population in Wanglang National Nature Reserve, and put forward suggestions for the management of the reserve, which is of great significance for the protection of blue sheep and its habitat.

     

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