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荚蒾属35种观赏植物的花粉形态特征比较研究

Comparative study on pollen morphological characteristics of 35 ornamental plants in Viburnum

  • 摘要: 荚蒾科(Viburnaceae)荚蒾属(Viburnum)的植物具有极高的园林观赏价值。花粉的形态特征在一定程度上可反映出植物的演化过程和亲缘关系,但目前关于荚蒾属植物的花粉形态特征的研究报道极少。随着荚蒾属不断选育出新品种,为明确常见观赏价值高的荚蒾属物种的花粉形态特征,采用扫描电镜对35种园林中常见的荚蒾属植物的花粉形态特征进行观察,通过花粉形态分析其种间关系。结果表明:(1)35个荚蒾种的花粉大小属于小型(10~25 μm)或中型(25~50 μm),形态均为近长球形或长球形。其中琼花(Viburnum keteleeri)花粉的大小指数(SI)为29.39 μm,体积最大;雪球荚蒾的SI值最小,为17.59 μm。(2)有34个荚蒾种拥有三条萌发沟,占总数的97.14%。(3)花粉外壁纹饰分主要分为3种类型:网状、瘤状和疣状,其中网状纹饰演化模式最复杂、进化程度最高。有31个种拥有网状纹饰,占比88.6%。(4)由聚类分析可将35种荚蒾属植物分为4类。结合相关性分析可知水红木(Viburnum cylindricum)与其他34种花粉亲缘关系最远。

     

    Abstract: The plants of Viburnum in the family Viburnaceae have extremely high ornamental value in gardens. To a certain extent, the morphological characteristics of pollen can reflect the evolutionary processes and kinship relationships of plants, but there are very few studies reported on the pollen morphological characteristics of Viburnum species. With the continuous development of new species in the genus Viburnum, this study aims to clarify the pollen morphological characteristics of common species with high ornamental value. Using scanning electron microscopy, the pollen morphological characteristics of 35 common Viburnum species in gardens were observed, and their interspecific relationships were analyzed based on pollen morphology. The results show that the pollen size of the 35 Viburnum species belongs to small (10-25 μm) or medium (25-50 μm), and the morphology is nearly spherical or elongated spherical. Among them, the pollen size index (SI) of Viburnum keteleeri is the largest at 29.39 μm, and the SI value of snowball viburnum is the smallest at 17.59 μm. Thirty-four Viburnum species have three germination furrows, accounting for 97.14% of the total. The pollen exine ornamentation is mainly divided into three types: reticulate, verrucate, and papillate, with the reticulate pattern being the most complex and the highest in evolutionary degree. Thirty-one species have reticulate ornamentation, accounting for 88.6%. Cluster analysis can divide the 35 Viburnum species into four categories. Combined with correlation analysis, it is known that Viburnum cylindricum has the most distant kinship with the other 34 species in terms of pollen.

     

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