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2000—2020年成都市土地利用变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响

Land use change and its impact on ecosystem service value in Chengdu from 2000 to 2020

  • 摘要: 生态系统服务价值(ESV)是区域生态安全的底线,科学评估土地利用变化引起的ESV变化,对构建区域生态安全格局与推动可持续发展具有深远意义。基于2000~2020年3期土地利用数据,借助ESV当量因子、热点分析及生态贡献率等方法,探究成都市土地利用变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:(1)2000~2020年,耕地和林地是成都市的主体,面积变化表现为耕地和草地缩减,其余地类扩张。土地转换主要是耕地转向林地和建设用地。(2)成都市ESV整体呈“先增后减”的变化趋势,20年间净增加2.03亿元。从各地类ESV大小来看:林地>耕地>水域>草地>未利用土地,林地和水域ESV增加是引起成都市ESV上升的主要原因,两者生态贡献率之和为53.66%。(3)单项ESV以调节服务为主,其中水文调节和气候调节是成都市的核心生态功能,共占总ESV的57.52%。(4)成都市ESV空间差异显著,冷热点整体呈“西热中冷,东无显著”的分布格局,热点区集中在西部龙门山及水域附近,冷点区集中在中部中心城区,并不断向中心城区缩减。这些研究结果说明林地和水域生态系统对整体ESV的影响较大。因此,对其实施合理有效的保护策略,推动土地利用结构朝着ESV增值和保值的方向发展,是今后成都市环境保护与生态建设的重心。

     

    Abstract: Ecosystem service value (ESV) is the bottom line of regional ecological security, and scientific assessment of ESV changes caused by land use change has far-reaching significance for building regional ecological security pattern and promoting sustainable development. Based on three periods of land use data from 2000 to 2020, this paper explored the impact of land use change on ecosystem service value in Chengdu by means of ESV equivalent factor, hotspots analysis and ecological contribution rate. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, plowland and forest land were the main parts of Chengdu, and the area change was manifested as the reduction of plowland and grassland, and the expansion of the rest land. The land conversion was mainly from plowland to forest land and construction land. (2) ESV in Chengdu generally showed a trend of "first increase and then decrease", with a net increase of 203 million yuan in 20 years. In terms of ESV size, forest land > plowland > water area > grassland > unused land, the increase of ESV in forest land and water area was the main reason for the increase of ESV in Chengdu, and the sum of their ecological contribution rate was 53.66%. (3) The single ESV was dominated by regulation services, in which hydrological regulation and climate regulation were the core ecological functions of Chengdu, accounting for 57.52% of the total ESV. (4) The spatial difference of ESV in Chengdu was significant. The distribution pattern of hot and cold spots was " the west was hot, the middle was cold, and the east was not significant". The hot spots was concentrated near Longmen Mountain and water area in the west, while the cold spots was concentrated in the central urban area and shrinked towards the central urban area. These results indicated that forest and water ecosystems had a greater impact on the overall ESV. Therefore, it is the focus of environmental protection and ecological construction in Chengdu to implement reasonable and effective protection strategies and promote the development of land use structure towards the direction of ESV appreciation and preservation.

     

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