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高密度城市核心区滨水绿地微塑料分布特征及土地利用对其影响——以成都市锦江生态带为例

Distribution characteristics of microplastics in waterfront green spaces and the impact of land-use in high-density urban core areas: A case study of the jinjiang ecological belt in Chengdu.

  • 摘要: 微塑料作为一种新型污染物在城市水环境中广泛存在,城市高密度核心区滨水绿地微塑料污染问题值得探讨。选取了成都市锦江生态带范围内10个城市滨水公园为研究对象,通过对其地表水和土壤沉积物中微塑料污染情况的系统调研,探究成都市高密度核心区滨水绿地微塑料分布和特征以及不同城市建设用地类型对微塑料污染的影响,评估微塑料的风险并制定有效的解决措施缓解微塑料污染问题。研究结果表明,地表水样本中的微塑料丰度范围为10.73 items·L−2至28.33 items·L−2,土壤沉积物样本中的微塑料丰度范围为587 items·kg−2 dry weight至958 items·kg−2 dry weight。在水样和沉积物样本中,微塑料的主要形态为颗粒、碎片、纤维和薄膜,微塑料的大小主要分布在50~<500 μm范围内。主要的聚合物类型为聚乙烯(PP)、聚丙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。商业服务业设施用地面积较大的地点往往具有更高的微塑料浓度。从城市规划角度考量,限制高污染潜力的土地用途(如商业服务业设施用地)靠近滨水绿地的分布,有助于缓解城市高密度核心区滨水绿地微塑料污染问题。

     

    Abstract: Microplastics, as a new type of pollutant, are widely present in urban aquatic environments, and the issue of microplastic pollution in waterfront green spaces within high-density urban cores warrants investigation. This study selected 10 urban waterfront parks within the Jinjiang Ecological Belt in Chengdu as research sites. Through systematic surveys of microplastic pollution in surface water and soil sediments, the study explored the distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the waterfront green spaces of Chengdu's high-density core area and analyzed the impact of different urban land-use types on microplastic pollution. It also assessed the risks of microplastics and proposed effective solutions to mitigate microplastic pollution. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in surface water samples ranged from 10.73 items/L to 28.33 items/L, while in soil sediment samples, the abundance ranged from 587 items/kg dry weight to 958 items/kg dry weight. The main forms of microplastics in both water and sediment samples were particles, fragments, fibers, and films, with sizes predominantly in the range of 50~<500 μm. The primary polymer types were polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Locations with larger areas of commercial and service-oriented land use tended to have higher microplastic concentrations. By investigating microplastic pollution in 10 urban waterfront parks along the Jinjiang River, this study examined the distribution and characteristics of microplastics in Chengdu's high-density core waterfront green spaces and the influence of land use on microplastic distribution. Based on the findings, it provided urban planning recommendations to mitigate microplastic pollution in waterfront green spaces within high-density urban cores.

     

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