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陕北风沙区煤矸石山重构土壤机械组成变化及其指示意义

Changes of soil mechanical composition and its indicative significance in the reconstruction of coal gangue hills in the aeolian sand area of northern Shaanxi Province

  • 摘要: 探究人工覆土处理后典型位置对土壤机械组成的影响,以期对煤矸石山不同位置植被绿化工作和生态重建提供理论和实践依据。采用激光粒度仪测量,对其迎风坡面、顶部平台和背风坡面的土壤粒度参数、分形维数和粒度频率曲线变化进行了详细的研究。结果表明:煤矸石山重构土壤机械组成以砂粒和粉粒为主,粘粒含量较低。与原状土相比,土壤砂粒含量均降低,粘粒和粉粒含量均上升,其中顶部平台土壤机械组成变化尤为明显。不同位置土壤分选均极好,偏度状况均为极正偏,峰度状况均为窄尖。土壤颗粒分形维数同粘粒、粉粒含量呈正相关关系,而同砂粒含量呈负相关关系,其中迎风坡面最低,为2.6777。迎风坡面和背风坡面较顶部平台的土壤颗粒异质程度小。不同位置重构土壤颗粒累积频率曲线在0.1 mm处大幅变陡,粒级在0.1~0.25 mm之间,粒度频率曲线斜率最大。人工覆土处理有利于煤矸石山土壤颗粒细化,可改善土壤质地。迎风坡面可能是由于风蚀影响恢复效果最差,建议加强迎风坡面植被绿化工作。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the effects of typical locations on soil mechanical composition after artificial soil cover treatment, with the aim of providing theoretical and practical basis for vegetation greening and ecological reconstruction in different positions of coal gangue mountains. The soil particle size parameters, fractal dimension and grain size frequency curve of windward slope, top platform and leeward slope were studied in detail by laser particle size meter. The results show that the mechanical composition of the reconstructed soil of coal gangue mountain is mainly sand and silt, and the clay content is low. Compared with undisturbed soil, sand content decreased, clay and silt content increased, and the mechanical composition of the top platform soil changed obviously. Soil sorting at different locations is excellent, skewness is extremely positive, kurtosis is narrow cusp. The fractal dimension of soil particles is positively correlated with clay and silt content, and negatively correlated with sand content. The lowest fractal dimension is 2.6777 on the windward slope. The heterogeneity of soil particles on the windward and leeward slopes was less than that on the top platform. The soil particle size frequency curves undergo a sharp increase in slope at 0.1 mm in different positions, with the peak occurring in the range of 0.1-0.25 mm, where the slope of the size frequency curve is the largest. Artificial soil cover treatment is beneficial to the thinning of soil particles and the improvement of soil texture. The windward slope may have the worst restoration effect due to wind erosion, so it is suggested to strengthen the greening of the windward slope.

     

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