Abstract: Clarifying the spatiotemporal response mechanism between landscape pattern and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in the context of global warming and rapid urbanization is of great significance for constructing climate adaptive patterns and achieving sustainable urban development. Based on the land use data and remote sensing images of the central urban area of Chengdu in 2016, 2019, and 2023, this study firstly analyzed the evolution patterns of LST and landscape patterns; secondly, it quantified and identified the landscape compositions that significantly influenced LST using the Pearson correlation analysis method; furthermore, it delved into the influence mechanism of landscape configuration on LST through the bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis method. The results indicated that: (1) The overall LST of the research area increased, and the area of the high-temperature zone increased by 485.32 km². LST decreased outward from the city center, and the high-temperature center gradually moved southward. (2) The construction land was rapidly spreading to the southeast, with an expansion area of 334.53 km². The fragmentation of arable land, forest land, and construction land had intensified, and the complexity of the shapes of arable land, construction land, and water bodies had increased; The continuity of the overall landscape decreased and the richness increased. (3) In terms of landscape composition, construction land was the main heat source, while farmland and forest land were the main cold sources. In terms of landscape configuration, LST had a strong response to the type (weeding outside the field) and landscape level pattern index, especially at the landscape level, showing a characteristic of "high-high and low-high areas interlacing in the central five urban areas, and low-low and high-low areas interlacing in the surrounding suburbs". A heat island mitigation strategy was proposed to control construction land, supplement green spaces and water bodies, separate cultivated land, protect forest land and water bodies, and optimize the overall spatial structure of the city. The research results can provide support for clarifying the evolution characteristics of LST in the central urban area of Chengdu and its spatiotemporal response mechanism to landscape patterns, as well as ideas and references for alleviating urban heat island effects and constructing climate adaptive patterns.