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基于时间序列的云南松树皮捕食线虫真菌资源调查

Investigation of nematode-trapping fungi resources on the bark of Pinus yunnanensis based on time sequence

  • 摘要: 松材线虫病是目前严重威胁全球森林生态系统、传染性极强的松树虫害,筛选高效生防菌株是全世界共同面临的、亟待解决的问题。研究于2023年3月~2024年2月,选取云南大理苍山国家自然保护区的5棵健康云南松进行捕食线虫真菌(nematode-trapping fungi,NTF)资源监测。对松树树皮样品进行采集,于实验室内培养、分离纯化NTF,结合形态和分子技术鉴定物种,分析不同高度上(80 < 高度 ≤ 200 cm)、中(20 < 高度 ≤ 80 cm)和下部(0 ≤ 高度≤ 20 cm)树干上NTF群落的时空动态变化。结果显示,松树树皮上存在NTF,Dactylellina属真菌为优势类群,Dactylellina ellipspspora为优势物种(6.07 %);在2023年3月检出物种数最多(4种);在2024年2月菌株数最多(11株);NTF检出物种数和菌株数存在时空动态变化。松树土著NTF可作为松材线虫病的高效生防菌株筛选的理想对象。

     

    Abstract: Pine wilt disease is currently a serious threat to global forest ecosystems, which is highly contagious. It is a common and urgent issue to screen effective biocontrol strains all over the world. From March 2023 to February 2024, five healthy Yunnan pine trees in Cangshan National Nature Reserve were selected to monitor the nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) resources. Pine bark samples were collected, and NTF were cultured, isolated, and purified in the laboratory. Species identification was conducted using morphological and molecular techniques, and the spatio-temporal dynamics of NTF communities were analyzed across different heights of the tree trunk: upper (80 cm < height ≤ 200 cm), middle (20 cm < height ≤ 80 cm), and lower (0 cm ≤ height ≤ 20 cm). The results revealed the presence of NTF in pine bark, with fungi of the genus Dactylellina being the dominant group, and Dactylellina ellipspspora as the dominant species (6.07%). The highest number of species (four species) was detected in March 2023, and the largest number of strains (eleven strains) was found in February 2024. A spatio-temporal variation in the number of detected NTF species and strains was observed. Indigenous NTF in pine trees can serve as ideal candidates for screening efficient biocontrol strains against pine wilt disease.

     

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