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滇池湖滨湿地修复驱动的土地利用及湿地景观格局变化

Changes of land use and wetland landscape patterns driven by the ecological restoration of lakeside Dianchi

  • 摘要: 滇池是云贵高原湖区最大的湖泊,明晰其湖滨土地利用及湿地景观格局变化规律,据此提供生态修复措施使生态系统更具完整性对其他湿地具有示范作用。本研究借助Google Earth Pro软件,基于目视解译分别勾绘出2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年滇池环湖路到与滇池湖岸线之间的湖滨带不同地表覆盖物的斑块,统计了各土地利用类型之间的变化和转移情况;同时,使用Fragstats软件对湿地斑块进行景观格局指数分析。结果表明:滇池湖滨带的主要土地利用类型为耕地、湿地、草地和住宅用地。土地利用类型主要转移趋势为耕地向园地、林地、草地、湿地、住宅用地及交通用地转移;草地面积明显向林地面积转移;湿地面积减少主要是转变成交通运输用地和林地。另外,湿地景观格局也呈现出破碎化程度增加、连通性下降的趋势。建议相关部门在后续的湿地修复与建设工作中充分考虑湿地的连通性。

     

    Abstract: Dianchi Lake stands as the largest wetland in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and gaining insights into its land use changes and lakeside wetland landscape variations is pivotal for devising ecological restoration strategies that bolster ecosystem integrity. Such understandings can also offer guidance for the management of other wetlands. Leveraging Google Earth Pro software, we visually interpreted and delineated various land use patches in the lakeside zone of Dianchi, situated between the lakeshore and the lakeroad, for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. We subsequently documented the changes and transfers among these land use types across the years. Additionally, we utilized Fragstats software to analyze the alterations in landscape metrics for wetland patches. Our findings revealed that the primary land use types along the Dianchi lakeside comprised cultivated land, wetlands, grasslands, and residential areas. The primary trend in land use transformation was observed from cultivated land shifting towards garden plots, woodlands, grasslands, wetlands, residential areas, and transportation land. Notably, grasslands were significantly converted into woodlands, while wetlands experienced a decline primarily due to their conversion into transportation land and woodlands. Furthermore, the wetland landscape pattern exhibited a concerning trend of increasing fragmentation and decreasing connectivity. In light of these findings, it is recommended that the pertinent authorities consider enhancing wetland connectivity and improving ecosystem stability in their subsequent wetland restoration and construction endeavors.

     

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