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大熊猫国家公园崇州片区(原保护区外)大熊猫及其同域野生动物初步调查

A preliminary survey on giant pandas and their sympatric species in Chongzhou area of Giant Panda National Park (outside the original nature reserve)

  • 摘要: 2021年9月~2022年6月,利用样线法和红外相机技术相结合,在大熊猫国家公园崇州片区内、原鞍子河保护区外的区域开展调查,共完成47条调查样线,布设47台红外相机,累计8543个有效相机工作日,共获得24101条红外相机影像数据,独立有效记录3029次。共识别出4目12科24种兽类与4目8科17种鸟类。其中,国家I级和国家II级重点保护野生动物分别有3种和16种,被IUCN红色名录评为“濒危(EN)”等级的有2种,“易危(VU)”等级的有6种,“近危(NT)”等级的有3种。拍摄到的猕猴(Macaca mulatta)为崇州市首份红外相机影像,调查到的斑林狸(Prionodon pardicolor)为整个崇州市首次分布记录。共在5条样线上发现了6处大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)粪便痕迹,在6个2 km×2 km调查网格中的7个相机位点上拍摄到大熊猫影像,样线遇见率为10.64%,相对多度指数RAI=0.18,整体网格占有率达17.02%,主要分布在1800~2 400 m海拔段的混交林和竹林生境中。研究发现野猪(Sus scrofa)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)的样线遇见率、相对多度指数RAI和网格占有率均排在前列,不同功能分区均有较多鸟兽物种分布,主要分布在山腰(1 100 m以上海拔段)及以上区域的混交林生境中,主要集中在靠近原鞍子河保护区的区域,而九龙沟区域相对较少。研究结果可为大熊猫国家公园崇州片区后续针对性保护和管理策略的优化调整提供科学支撑。

     

    Abstract: From September 2021 to June 2022, a survey was carried out in Chongzhou area of Giant Panda National Park and outside the original Anzihe Nature Reserve by the line transect survey method and infrared camera technology. A total of 47 survey transects were completed, 47 infrared cameras were installed, and 24,101 infrared camera image data and 608 independent effective recordings were obtained in a total of 8543 effective camera working days. A total of 24 wild mammal species belonging to 12 families and 4 orders and 17 bird species belonging to 8 families and 4 orders were identified. Among the detected species, 3 species were the class I nationally protected wild animals and 16 species were the class II nationally protected wild animals. Two species was rated as Endangered (EN), six as Vulnerable (VU) and threee as Near Threatened (NT) by IUCN. The Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) was photographed as the first infrared camera image in Chongzhou City, and the Spotted Linsang (Prionodon pardicolor) was investigated as the first distribution record in Chongzhou City. In this study, 6 faecal traces of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were found on 5 translines, and the giant panda images were photographed at 7 camera sites in 6 survey grids (2 km×2 km). The transline encounter rate was 10.64%, the relative abundance index (RAI) was 0.18, and the overall grid share was 17.02%, mainly distributed in mixed forests and bamboo forests at the altitude of 1800~2400 m. The results indicated that the transversal encounter rate, relative abundance index (RAI) and grid occupancy of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Tufted Deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) and Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) all ranked in the forefront, and there were various kinds of mammals and bird species distribution in different functional zones. Sympatric species of Giant panda were mainly distributed in mixed forest habitats in mountainside (above 1 100 m altitude) and above areas, mainly concentrated in the area near the original Anzihe Nature Reserve, and relatively few in Jiulonggou area. The results of this study can provide scientific support for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent targeted protection and management strategies in Chongzhou area of Giant Panda National Park.

     

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