Abstract: In order to accurately grasp the sustainable development degree of lush mountains and lucid waters and the transformation effectiveness of "Two Mountains Theory" in various cities and prefectures of Sichuan Province. Based on the statistical data of resource in 2022 from 21 cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province, taking the green ecological index (I_cw) as the target layer, selecting three elements of green ecological space quantity, green ecological quality, and ecological service function as the criterion layer, an evaluation system was constructed. And then the lush mountains and lucid waters evaluation index (Q_w) was constructed and evaluated based on the green ecological index (Icw). The results showed that the green ecological development space of Western Sichuan Plateau was the largest, and the green ecological index (I_cw) was above 1.5, but the transformation effectiveness of "Two Mountains Theory" was low, and the lush mountains and lucid waters index (Q_w) was below 4.5. The green ecological development space in the hilly area of central Sichuan is the lowest, and the green ecological index (I_cw) was below 3.0, but the transformation effectiveness of"Two Mountains Theory" was higher, and the lush mountains and lucid waters index (Q_w) was between 8.0 and 11.0. The green ecological development space in southern Sichuan, western Sichuan mountains and western Sichuan plains was relatively high. The transformation effect of "Two Mountains Theory" was the highest, and the lush mountains and lucid waters index (Q_w) was higher than 11.0.