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巨桉人工纯林林分改造对鸟类多样性的影响

Influence of Eucalyptus grandis plantation renovation on bird diversity

  • 摘要: 国内已大量实施人工林林分改造工程,但鲜有研究人工林改造后的鸟类群落多样性变化。以龙泉山仰天窝巨桉纯林5种改造模式的区域为试验区,相邻的现存巨桉纯林为对照区,将鸟类作为指示物种,研究巨桉纯林林分改造后的鸟类群落多样性变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)试验区改造后植被垂直结构更加丰富,鸟类群落多样性提升明显,有44种,高于对照区的27种。(2)试验区的鸟类群落物种丰富度、多度及Shannon-Wiener指数在四个季节均高于对照区,其中,试验区鸟类夏季丰富度最高,有10.33种,与对照区差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)试验区内巨桉纯林不同改造模式对鸟类群落多样性提升程度不同,且乔木层是鸟类栖息的重要层次。巨桉纯林改造为香樟常绿阔叶林,补植灌草,全面优化乔灌草层的空间结构,是鸟类多样性提升最高的改造模式,其鸟类丰富度7.67种和多度42.00只显著高于巨桉纯林(P<0.05)。全伐巨桉或仍以巨桉为建群种,再补植灌草的模式对鸟类多样性的提升并不显著。研究成果将为探索人工林林分改造的生物多样性提升,提供创新路径和模式借鉴。

     

    Abstract: A large number of plantation renovation projects have been implemented in China, but few studies have been conducted on the characteristics of bird community diversity after plantation renovation. In this study, birds were used as indicator species to study the changes of bird community diversity in Yangtianwo pure Eucalyptus grandis forest in Longquanshan, and the adjacent existing pure Eucalyptus grandis forest was used as control area. The results showed that: (1) After the plantation renovation, the vertical structure of vegetation in the test area was more abundant, and the diversity of bird community increased significantly, with 44 species, which was significantly higher than that in the control area with 27 species. (2) The species richness, abundance and Shannon-Wiener index of birds in the test area were higher than those in the control area in four seasons, and the richness of birds in the test area was the highest in summer, with 10.33 species, which was significantly different from that in the control area (P<0.05). (3) In the test area, different plantation renovation modes of Eucalyptus grandis pure forest had different degrees of improvement on bird community diversity, and the tree layer was an important habitat for birds to inhabit. The renovation of pure Eucalyptus grandis forest into Cinnamomum camphora evergreen broad-leaved forest, replanting of shrubs and grasses, and the overall optimization of the spatial structure of the shrub and grass layer were the highest renovation model for the improvement of bird diversity. The bird richness of 7.67 species and abundance of 42.00 were significantly higher than that of pure Eucalyptus grandis forest (P<0.05). There was no significant improvement of bird diversity in the model of cutting down Eucalyptus grandis or still using Eucalyptus grandis as a group species and replanting shrub. The research results will provide innovative approaches and models for exploring the improvement of biodiversity in plantation stand renovation.

     

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