Abstract: From July to September in 2020, the control effect of rock squirrel on walnut was carried out in Nanjiang County. Based on the activity and behavior characteristics of rock squirrels in the study area, the best control method was obtained through the comparison of the feeding situation of poison bait with different placement methods, the statistics of walnut fruit drop and the investigation of the number of rock squirrels before and after the control. The results showed that: (1) The number of poison baits in the hanging boxes was larger than that in the stacking boxes; (2) There was no difference in the proportion of bite mark fruits in the sample plots of hanging boxes and stacking boxes, which were significantly lower than that in the control plots. (3) The loss rate of walnut could be reduced from 11.90% to 1.09% through prevention and control; (4) No rock squirrels were captured in the rat clip sample after prevention and control.