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小丸甲科（Nosodendridae）隶属于鞘翅目（Coleoptera）长蠹总科（Bostrichoidea），是一类活动于树木伤口处，取食流出的汁液的小型甲虫。目前已知的小丸甲科昆虫共3属98种，分布于除南极洲外的各个大洲，其中大部分物种主要分布于热带地区，而温带地区较少记录。迄今为止，该科于我国记录有2属3种，分布于湖北、河南、云南和台湾[1-7]。小丸甲体型较小，虫体卵圆形，强凸；触角第3节明显伸长，末端膨大；后胸腹板很宽，中足基节远离，腹面有凹槽，足可收于凹槽中，跗节5-5-5式；可见腹板5节，腹板前缘具明显纵向沟[8-9]。多栖息于流出汁液的树皮附近，取食树汁，疑似群居，采集时常同时发现成虫与幼虫。
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标本采集于杨树流汁伤口附近，活体虫使用乙酸乙酯毒瓶毒杀，并制成干制标本。将干制标本浸泡于热水中15 min，在75%的酒精中打开腹部末节可见腹板，取出阳茎，并清理其上的附着物。
整体图与外部形态特征图使用佳能5D MarkⅢ与佳能MP-E 65 mm微距镜头拍摄，生殖器图使用佳能5D SR与三丰10倍物镜拍摄，生态照使用佳能5D MarkⅢ和佳能EF 100 mm微距镜头拍摄。照片使用Zerene Stacker （64-bit）进行堆栈，后期使用Photoshop CC2019进行优化处理。
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台湾小丸甲 Nosodendron taiwanense Yoshitomi, Kishimoto & Lee, 2015（见图1）
Figure 1. Adult of Nosodendron taiwanense Yoshitomi, Kishimoto & Lee, 2015 i, Ki, Ki, Kibr/>
雄性：体长4.88mm，体宽2.96mm。体卵圆形，粗壮，黑色，有光泽，背面强烈隆起，腹面平；具刻点，刻点细小，较浅，分布紧密无规则；刻点中生有刚毛，刚毛较短，黄色无分叉。
头部宽远大于长。额具刻点，刻点较浅且细小浓密，刻点中生有刚毛，刚毛较短无分叉；下唇具刻点，刻点较大且深，刻点中有较短的刚毛（见图2 B）；下唇边缘具较长且浓密的刚毛。触角11节，第3节明显伸长呈棒状；触角末端3节明显膨大，具短毛（见图2 C）；复眼内侧有凹槽，触角可收于凹槽中。
Figure 2. Adult of Nosodendron taiwanense Yoshitomi, Kishimoto & Lee, 2015 i, Ki, Ki, Kibr/>
前胸背板宽远大于长，前缘呈弓状，中部略微凸起；侧缘无凸起，略微外凸呈弧状；后缘中部与小盾片相接处略微凸起；中央刻点较浅且稀疏，向两侧渐变深且密集。前胸腹板较小，大部分被前足遮挡，且前胸腹板突不发达。
小盾片发达，几乎呈正三角形，表面光滑，不具刻点和刚毛。鞘翅长约为宽2.5倍，光滑具刻点，鞘翅边缘刻点较浅且细小，中部刻点较深更为明显，刻点中有刚毛，刚毛较短。刻点无规则分布，但鞘翅中缝及基部与前胸背板相接处点明显更小更稀疏且无刚毛。具5节可见腹板，腹板光滑；中央略微凸起，凸起部分具刻点，刻点较浅不明显；凸起部分两侧具较大刻点，刻点内具较短的刚毛。腹板具凹槽，可将后足收于凹槽；第一节腹板的凹槽中具较浅刻点，刻点内具较长的刚毛；腹板前缘具纵向沟，后缘具刚毛（见图2 D）。
足短粗，胫节外缘具凸，有刻点，刻点中有刚毛，转节和腿节的刻点中刚毛较短，甚至有些刻点内无刚毛；腿节十分粗壮，且基部膨大；胫节末端的刚毛较长，在胫节末端内缘形成毛束。胫节末端膨大，膨大部分有凹槽，跗节可收于凹槽中。
阳茎基较短，基部渐狭呈倒梯形，边缘弯曲凹陷；阳茎侧叶非常长，逐渐变细，具较浅的刻点且越靠近顶端刻点越密集；阳茎体短于阳茎侧叶，具两根长且直的支撑物（见图3 A-B）。
Figure 3. The genitalia of Nosodendron taiwanense Yoshitomi, Kishimoto & Lee, 2015
雌性：体长5.46 mm，体宽3.34 mm。体大于雄性。额、前胸背板和鞘翅具更多刚毛。
检视标本：3♂4♀，山东省泰安市泰山区普照寺，李泽川采
分布：台湾省南投县同富村（模式产地）[9]；山东省泰安市泰山区（新记录）
习性：聚居于杨树树干流出汁液的伤口处（见图4 A-B），成虫与幼虫都取食杨树流出的汁液（见图4 C-D）,数量多时在树根附近浸有树汁的土壤中也有发现成虫（见图4 E）。
Figure 4. Habitat of Nosodendron taiwanense Yoshitomi, Kishimoto & Lee, 2015 Kishiii>
A New Record of Nosodendridae Family (Coleoptera: Bostrichoidea) in Shandong Province
doi: 10.12172/202204270001
- Received Date: 2022-04-27
- Available Online: 2022-07-06
- Publish Date: 2023-04-25
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Key words:
- Coleoptera /
- Bostrichoidea /
- Nosodendridae /
- Shandong province /
- New record
Abstract: During a field investigation in 2020, some beetles of Nosodendridae were found in Shandong province, which was not recorded in Shandong province. In this paper, the species was identified and described. After dissecting the adults, the species was identified according to their morphological characteristics, and their living conditions were observed in the field. This species was identified as Nosodendron taiwanense Yoshitomi, Kishimoto & Lee, 2015 (Coleoptera, Bostrichoidea: Nosodendridae). The specie was first recorded in China mainland, and the family was also first recorded in Shandong province. In this paper, the species was redescribed and its ecological and behavioral information was supplemented.was redescribed and its ecological and behavioral information was supplemented.was redescribed and its ecological and behavioral information was supplemented.was redescribed and its ecological and behavioral information was supplemented.
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