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浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板是制作板式家具的主要原材料,在现在流行的家居定制市场上使用更加广泛。甲醛释放量是浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板最重要的环保指标,国家强制性标准GB 18580-2017《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》规定了甲醛释放量仅使用1 m3气候箱法检测。气候箱法的检测原理最接近人造板实际使用时的甲醛释放的真实状态,但是其检测周期长,检测成本高。所以鼓励企业采用气体分析法、干燥器法或穿孔萃取法进行生产质量控制,并建立与1 m3气候箱法之间的相关性。[1]对人造板甲醛释放量进行检测,通过对比和分析检测结果,建立数学对应关系方程,可为人造板生产企业找到适合自身条件的自检和自控方法提供借鉴。[2-5]
走访发现,人造板企业控制甲醛释放量多采用(9-11)L干燥器法,故重点研究了浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板(9-11)L干燥器法与1 m3气候箱法测试结果的关系,通过对检测结果进行比对和分析,建立回归方程等方法寻找两种方法的相关性,为人造板生产企业提供参考和借鉴。GB 18580-2017附录中建议生产企业使用的干燥器法按GB/T17657-2013[6]中4.59规定方法,试样需在温度(20±2)℃、湿度(65±5)%的条件下,预处理约7d或质量达到恒定后再进行检测;样品表面积1800 mm2,以此确定试件数量;检测时将其置于(20±0.5)℃温度下24 h±10 min,此方法节省的时间有限,且对检测环境的温度和检测时间要求更为严格。故采用GB 18580-2001[7]标准中的干燥器法检测甲醛,不要求对样品进行预处理,且规定所有样品均取10块,节省操作成本,方便企业质量控制。
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采用1 m3气候箱法和(9~11)L干燥器法分别测试不同基材的浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板的甲醛释放量,以干燥器法测试数据为自变量x,1 m3气候箱法数据为因变量y作散点图,结果见图1。
图 1 浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板甲醛释放量干燥器值与气候箱值相关关系
Figure 1. Correlation between dryer value and climate chamber value of formaldehyde emission from wood-based panel decorated with impregnated film paper
从图1a中可以看出,浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板回归方程:y=0.0099x+0.0063,相关系数R2=0.6854,r=0.8279,给定显著水平α=0.05,查表得到rα=0.3120,即r>rα,说明所拟合的线性回归模型方程良好,建立线性回归模型较合理的。
浸渍胶膜纸饰面胶合板仅有三组数据且较离散,不做分析。
浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板,甲醛释放量气候箱值多集中在0.003~0.128 mg·m−3,而干燥器值集中在0.292~12.697 mg·L−1。其中有一个样品的气候箱法检测值偏高,为0.128 mg·m−3,对应干燥器法的测定值也偏高,为12.697 mg·L−1。从图1b中的回归方程y=0.0092x+0.0111中得出相关系数R2=0.7096,r=0.8424,给定显著水平α=0.05,查表得到rα=0.4438,即r>r0.05,α=0.01,查表得到r0.01=0.5614,即r>0.01,说明回归方程的拟合程度好,在置信水平为99%时,浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板1 m3气候箱值与干燥器值线性相关关系显著。
从图1c中的回归方程y=0.0062x+0.0033中得出相关系数R2=0.4579,浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板两种检测方法检测结果的实际值围绕在两种检测方法相关性的线性回归模型方程附近,且只能解释45.79%的实际值变化趋势,说明两者的线性相关性不好。
浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板,甲醛释放量气候箱值多集中在0.003~0.043 mg·m−3,而干燥器值集中在0.433~1.002 mg·L−1。从图1d中的回归方程y=0.0596x− 0.0255,R2=0.7224 ,能解释72.24%的实际值变化趋势,r=0.8499,给定显著水平α=0.05,查表得到rα=0.7545,即r>r0.05,说明回归方程的拟合程度好,浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板1 m3气候箱值与干燥器值线性相关关系显著。从有限的数据对比看出,干燥器值大于1.002 mg·L−1,气候箱值就会超过0.043 mg·m−3;干燥器值代入模型计算,其气候箱值为0.034 mg·m−3,值偏小。使用模型反推,气候箱值达到E0级0.050 mg·m−3,干燥器值为1.267 mg·L−1;气候箱值达到0.124 mg·m−3,干燥器值为2.508 mg·L−1。根前面计算结果可估算,浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板纤维的干燥器值小于1.5 mg·L−1,气候箱值就能到达E0级;干燥器值大于2.5 mg·L−1,气候箱值就可能不合格。
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浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板、浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板的线性回归方程在0.01 水平上均为极显著,浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板、浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板的P值均(<0.05)(见表1),说明所拟合的线性回归模型方程在置信度α=0.05时整体显著,具有一元线性相关性。
表 1 浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板1m3气候箱值与干燥器值回归分析
Table 1. Regression analysis of 1m3 climate chamber value and dryer value of wood-based panel decorated with impregnated film paper
类别
Category变异原因
Cause of variation自由度(df)
Freedom偏差平方和(SS)Sum of square of
deviations方差(MS)
VarianceF值
F valueP
Significance浸渍胶膜Impregnated adhesive film paper
纸饰面人造板Wood-based panel with paper回归分析
Regression analysis1 0.0141693 0.014169301 80.58567588 7.98271E-11 残差
Residual37 0.00650567 0.000175829 总计
Sum38 0.02067497 浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
饰面刨花板Decorated chipboard回归分析
Regression analysis1 0.011504 0.011504 41.956 5.68E-06 残差
Residual17 0.004661 0.000274 总计
Sum18 0.016165 浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
饰面细木工板Veneered core-board回归分析
Regression analysis1 3.90859E-05 3.90859E-05 6.545011 0.037643652 残差
Residual7 4.1803E-05 5.97186E-06 总计
Sum8 8.08889E-05 浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
饰面纤维板Decorated fiberboard回归分析
Regression analysis1 0.000854 0.000854 9.906531 0.034598 残差
Residual4 0.000345 8.63E-05 总计
Sum5 0.0012
Screening of Detection Methods for Formaldehyde Emission from Wood-based Panels Decorated with Impregnated Adhesive Film Paper
More Information-
摘要: 采用生产企业常用的干燥器法(9-11L),对浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板甲醛释放量进行检测,并与使用1m3气候箱法的检测数据进行比较,其结果呈现一定的相关性。其中浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板和刨花板,使用两种方法测试甲醛有显著的一元线性关系,企业内控质量时可以使用干燥器法代替气候箱法。
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关键词:
- 浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板;
- 甲醛释放量;
- 气候箱法;
- 干燥器法
Abstract: In this paper, the dryer method (9-11L) commonly used by manufacturers was selected to detect the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels impregnated with adhesive film paper, and the results were analyzed and compared with the detection data of 1 m3 climate chamber method. The results indicated a certain correlation. Among them, there was a significant one-dimensional linear relationship between the two methods used to test formaldehyde in impregnated adhesive film paper veneer fiberboard and particleboard. The dryer method could be used to replace the climate chamber method in the internal quality control of manufacturing enterprise. -
表 1 浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板1m3气候箱值与干燥器值回归分析
Tab. 1 Regression analysis of 1m3 climate chamber value and dryer value of wood-based panel decorated with impregnated film paper
类别
Category变异原因
Cause of variation自由度(df)
Freedom偏差平方和(SS)Sum of square of
deviations方差(MS)
VarianceF值
F valueP
Significance浸渍胶膜Impregnated adhesive film paper
纸饰面人造板Wood-based panel with paper回归分析
Regression analysis1 0.0141693 0.014169301 80.58567588 7.98271E-11 残差
Residual37 0.00650567 0.000175829 总计
Sum38 0.02067497 浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
饰面刨花板Decorated chipboard回归分析
Regression analysis1 0.011504 0.011504 41.956 5.68E-06 残差
Residual17 0.004661 0.000274 总计
Sum18 0.016165 浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
饰面细木工板Veneered core-board回归分析
Regression analysis1 3.90859E-05 3.90859E-05 6.545011 0.037643652 残差
Residual7 4.1803E-05 5.97186E-06 总计
Sum8 8.08889E-05 浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
饰面纤维板Decorated fiberboard回归分析
Regression analysis1 0.000854 0.000854 9.906531 0.034598 残差
Residual4 0.000345 8.63E-05 总计
Sum5 0.0012 -
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