Assessment of Urban Bird Suitability in Chengdu Based on the MaxEnt Model

This study focuses on Chengdu, China, and applies the MaxEnt model to evaluate habitat suitability for urban birds using occurrence data and multi-source environmental variables. The dominant environmental factors influencing bird distribution were identified. The results showed that all models achieved AUC values greater than 0.79, indicating good performance. Suitable habitats were mainly distributed in the central and southern parts of Chengdu. Key factors included nighttime light (optimal range: 20–30 DN), temperature seasonality (6.98–7.10℃), distance to rivers (significantly negatively correlated), and soil type, among which nighttime light had the strongest influence. Based on the findings, ecological control should be prioritized in highly suitable areas by optimizing vegetation structure, regulating nighttime lighting, and enhancing habitat quality along river systems.