Abstract: In order to study the effect of different formula fertilization on the growth and development of Zanthoxylum japonica, 3 Pepper of different tree ages such as two years old, four years old and seven years old were used as research materials. The orthogonal design was adopted, circular fertilization was condncted and then the growth volume and yield were counted. The results showed that (1) The N element had the greatest influence on the new branches, followed by the K element, and the P element had the least effect. (2) The N element had the greatest effect on high growth, followed by the P element, and the K element had the least effect on high growth. (3) The K element had the greatest influence on the growth, followed by the N element and the P element. (4) The N element had the greatest effect on yield, the P element was the second, and the K element had the least influence.