Abstract: In order to improve the quality of rattan pepper, 3-year-old rattan pepper was selected as the study material, and the ratio of different water and fertilizer concentrations was explored for three years. The results showed that: （1） With the treatment of 72 kg fertilizer and 300L water, the content of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） in the leaves of rattan pepper increased by 77.4%, 117.1% and 50.3% respectively. （2） With the treatment of 72 kg of fertilizer and 300L of water, the content of trace element boron （B） in the leaves of rattan pepper increased by 89.5%, the content of magnesium （Mg） increased by 67.9%, the content of chlorophyll a increased by 85.6%, the content of chlorophyll b increased by 19.6%, and the content of total chlorophyll elements increased by 60.8%. （3） With the treatment of 72 kg fertilizer and 300L water, the crude protein content, crude fat content and essential oil content of rattan pepper fruit were increased by 90.1%, 93.3% and 218.2% respectively.