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随着城市建设植物种类越来越复杂,城市绿化植物除了会带来美丽的外形、艳丽的色彩、芬芳的香味等正面效应外,也可能导致飞絮污染、花粉污染等植源性污染相关的负面效应。尤其近年来因部分气传花粉植物花粉具有致敏性,能使人发生过敏性反应,产生包括鼻塞、打喷嚏、流涕、喉咙发痒、眼皮肿胀,甚至出现全身皮肤奇痒、起疹块和鳞屑、脱皮等症状[3-5]。有研究报道空气中的花粉浓度达到20粒m−3时便可以诱发敏感人群发生过敏反应[6]。同时,花粉也是空气颗粒物的重要组成部分,对人们的生活也会造成负面影响。目前,空气颗粒物已成为首要的空气污染物,是危害世界环境和公共健康的主要影响因素之一,备受世界各国政府和公众广泛关注。研究表明直径在 2.5~10 um 空气颗粒物则可直接进入下呼吸道的支气管;直径小于2.5 um空气颗粒物可到达肺泡,并长期黏附在肺泡上;直径小于1.0 um 的空气颗粒物透过肺泡进入到血液,进一步到人体的其他器官和组织中[1];长期暴露在空气颗粒物污染环境下会引起人体呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统及免疫系统等疾病[2]。
本研究以成都市塔子山公园香樟林及其林内苦楝为研究对象,开展苦楝花粉浓度飘散时空特征研究及其对香樟林内空气颗粒物浓度的影响研究,以了解致敏花粉在林内的传播规律和对空气颗粒物的影响,为城市生态休闲绿地建设中花粉污染型植源污染的防控提供理论依据。
Influence of Neem Pollen Drifting on Concentration of Airborne Particulate Matter in Forest
doi: 10.12172/202211290001
- Received Date: 2022-11-29
- Available Online: 2023-04-06
- Publish Date: 2023-10-25
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Key words:
- Neem /
- Pollen concentration /
- Temporal change /
- Distance change
Abstract: In order to solve the plant source pollution caused by airborne pollen in urban greening construction, the temporal and spatial variation of airborne allergenic pollen transmission and its influence on the concentration of airborne particulate matter in the forest were studied, which provided the basis for preventing and controlling urban airborne sensitized pollen pollution. A typical airborne allergenic pollen plant, Neem, which is frequently used in urban greening in Chengdu, was taken as the research object, and the daily variation and horizontal spatial spread of airborne allergenic pollen were studied by selecting the blooming period of Neem. The result showed that: (1) There was a single peak curve in the daily variation of the pollen concentration of neem, that is, the pollen concentration increased continuously from 6:00 to 14:00, and reached a peak at 14:00. From 14:00 to 20:00, it continued to decline. The concentration of pollen drifting from 12:00 to 15:00 was significantly higher than that of other periods. In the horizontal direction, the pollen concentration in the downwind direction was higher than that in the upwind direction. In the downwind direction, the pollen concentration showed a single peak curve, which increased with distance and reached a peak at 20 m. The drifting concentration of pollen in the upwind direction showed a bimodal curve, and the peaks appeared at 9 m and 20 m. Due to the influence of Neem pollen dispersal, the horizontal distribution trend of airborne particulate matter concentration in the C. camphor forest was roughly the same as that of pollen concentration, and it also showed that the downwind direction was higher than the upwind direction. At the horizontal distance, the influence of neem pollen on airborne particles was mainly in the range of 0-30 m.