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干旱河谷指高山峡谷区下部干热,四周环境相对湿润,植被稀疏,以灌丛和草本为主的区域[1],属于局部干旱生境[2],中国的干旱河谷主要分布在岷江、金沙江、大渡河、雅砻江上游和嘉陵江支流等地区[3],该区域降雨量少,蒸发量大,水热矛盾突出,土壤质地不良,蓄水能力低下,水土流失严重,地质灾害频发,生态敏感脆弱[4],该区域植被恢复与重建已是当前主要任务之一。
白龙江干旱河谷是长江水系北部的生态脆弱带和敏感区,也是长江上游至关重要的水源涵养、水土保持区[5],近年来由于人为过度放牧、采药、采矿、乱砍滥伐等,致使植被严重退化,泥石流和滑坡等地质灾害频发,水土流失严重,植被恢复困难[6-7],具有向荒漠化发展的趋势[2]。选择适宜树种造林,成为改善干旱河谷生态植被的重要措施之一[8]。陈峰等[9]研究筛选出5种乔木树种适宜岷江干旱河谷造林。谢飞等[10]采用盆栽试验,通过渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶和叶绿素等指标研究认为狼牙刺(Sophora davidii)、酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa)、荆条(Vitex negundo var. heterophylla)抗旱性较强。王飞[2]、李玉[11]等人对白龙江干旱河谷主要灌丛调查研究表明:狼牙刺、酸枣、荆条、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium)和侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)是白龙江干旱河谷区主要建群种。干旱河谷区域分布广,不同区域生境也不同,本研究在前人调查的基础上选取白龙江干旱河谷主要建群种狼牙刺、酸枣、荆条、柠条、文冠果和侧柏等为研究对象,通过育苗和造林试验,统计造林成活率,分析抗旱生理指标等生态学特征,分析不同树种的适应特征,提出适宜白龙江干旱河谷区域栽植树种,丰富白龙江干旱河谷造林树种多样性。
Drought Resistance and Afforestation Suitability of Different Tree Species in Bailongjiang Arid Valley
doi: 10.12172/202111190002
- Received Date: 2021-11-19
- Available Online: 2022-04-21
- Publish Date: 2022-06-09
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Key words:
- Bailongjiang river /
- Arid valley /
- Drought resistant afforestation /
- Suitability
Abstract: Bailongjiang arid valley is an ecological fragile and sensitive zone in the north of Yangtze River system. In order to scientifically choose suitable afforestation tree species for ecological reconstruction and restoration in this region, more than 2-year-old Zizyphus jujube, Caragana korshinskii, Sophora davidii, Xanthoceras sorbifolium, Vitex negundo and 4-year-old Platycladus orientalis were chosen as experimental materials. After planting for one year, the survival rate of different tree species were measured, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) and osmotic regulation substances (soluble sugar, proline and soluble protein) were determined. The results showed that Zizyphus jujube, Sophora davidii, Vitex negundo not only had higher survival rate, but also had higher contents of SOD, POD, CAT, soluble sugar, proline and soluble protein in the leaves, which indicated that Zizyphus jujube, Sophora davidii, Vitex negundo had stronger drought resistance and were more suitable for the afforestation of the Bailongjiang ecological restoration and reconstruction.