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LI Y, AN X X, HUANG H Y. Screening of detection methods for formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels decorated with impregnated adhesive film paper[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2022, 43(3): 138−142 doi: 10.12172/202109100001
Citation: LI Y, AN X X, HUANG H Y. Screening of detection methods for formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels decorated with impregnated adhesive film paper[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2022, 43(3): 138−142 doi: 10.12172/202109100001

Screening of Detection Methods for Formaldehyde Emission from Wood-based Panels Decorated with Impregnated Adhesive Film Paper


doi: 10.12172/202109100001
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  • Received Date: 2021-09-10
    Available Online: 2022-03-14
  • Publish Date: 2022-06-09
  • In this paper, the dryer method (9-11L) commonly used by manufacturers was selected to detect the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels impregnated with adhesive film paper, and the results were analyzed and compared with the detection data of 1 m3 climate chamber method. The results indicated a certain correlation. Among them, there was a significant one-dimensional linear relationship between the two methods used to test formaldehyde in impregnated adhesive film paper veneer fiberboard and particleboard. The dryer method could be used to replace the climate chamber method in the internal quality control of manufacturing enterprise.
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  • [1] 徐金梅,段新芳. 解读GB 18580-2017《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》[J]. 中国标准化,2018,8(269):41.

    XU J M, DUAN XF. Interpretation of GB 18580-2017 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials-Limit of formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels and finishing products[J]. China Standardization, 2018, 8(269): 41.
    [2] 顾浩飞,刘闽,章雅玲. 等. 人造板甲醛释放量不同检测方法之间的相关性分析[J]. 木材工业,2013,27(2):33−37.

    GU Hao-fei, LIU Min, ZHANG Ya-ling, et al. Correlation between Domestic and Foreign Formaldehyde Emission Test Methods for Wood-based Panels[J]. China Wood Industry, 2013, 27(2): 33−37.
    [3] 梁梦璐,肖博元,沈熙为. 等. 不同容积环境舱检测人造板TVOC释放的对比[J]. 森林工程,2013,29(6):66−68+134. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-005X.2013.06.017

    LIANG Menglu, XIAO Boyuan, SHEN Xiwei, et al. Comparison of Different Volume Environmental Chamber for Measuring VOC Emissions from Wood-Based Panel[J]. Forest Engineering, 2013, 29(6): 66−68+134. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-005X.2013.06.017
    [4] 林金春,兰从荣,饶久平. 中密度纤维板甲醛释放量不同检测方法的相关性[J]. 福建农林大学学报,2008,37(6):602−605.

    LIN Jin-chun, LAN Cong-rong, RAO Jiu-ping. Correlations of formaldehyde emission from medium density fiberboard by different test methods[J]. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition, 2008, 37(6): 602−605.
    [5] 池永亮. GB 干燥器法、穿孔萃取法和ASTM D 6007小室法测定人造板甲醛释放量的对应关系研究[J]. 林业机械与木工设备,2015,43(12):29−32+43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2953.2015.12.008

    CHI Yong-liang. ResearchonCorrespomding Relations of Determination of Man-made Board Formaldehyde Emission with the Methods of GB Desiccators, PunchExtraction, and ASTM D6007 Chamber[J]. Forestry Machinery& Woodworking Equipment, 2015, 43(12): 29−32+43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2953.2015.12.008
    [6] GB/T17657-2013, 人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法[S].

    GB/T17657-2013, Test methods of evaluating the properties of wood-based panels and surface decorated wood-based panels[S].
    [7] GB 18580-2001, 室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量[S].

    GB 18580-2001, Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials-Limit of formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels and finishing products[J]. China Standardization[S].
    [8] 彭毅卿. 40 L干燥器法与气体分析法及穿孔萃取法测定中密度纤维板甲醛释放量的相关性研究[J]. 林业机械与木工设备,2017,45(12):46−49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2953.2017.12.011

    PENG YI-Qing. Study on the Correlation between the 40L Desiccator Method, the Gas Analysis Method and the Perforation Extraction Method for Measuring the Formaldehyde Emission of MDF[J]. Forestry Machinery& Woodworking Equipment, 2017, 45(12): 46−49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2953.2017.12.011
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Screening of Detection Methods for Formaldehyde Emission from Wood-based Panels Decorated with Impregnated Adhesive Film Paper

doi: 10.12172/202109100001
  • 1. Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, Nanjing 210007, China
  • 2. Sino-Maple (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 21521, China

Abstract: In this paper, the dryer method (9-11L) commonly used by manufacturers was selected to detect the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels impregnated with adhesive film paper, and the results were analyzed and compared with the detection data of 1 m3 climate chamber method. The results indicated a certain correlation. Among them, there was a significant one-dimensional linear relationship between the two methods used to test formaldehyde in impregnated adhesive film paper veneer fiberboard and particleboard. The dryer method could be used to replace the climate chamber method in the internal quality control of manufacturing enterprise.

  • 浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板是制作板式家具的主要原材料,在现在流行的家居定制市场上使用更加广泛。甲醛释放量是浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板最重要的环保指标,国家强制性标准GB 18580-2017《室内装饰装修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛释放限量》规定了甲醛释放量仅使用1 m3气候箱法检测。气候箱法的检测原理最接近人造板实际使用时的甲醛释放的真实状态,但是其检测周期长,检测成本高。所以鼓励企业采用气体分析法、干燥器法或穿孔萃取法进行生产质量控制,并建立与1 m3气候箱法之间的相关性。[1]对人造板甲醛释放量进行检测,通过对比和分析检测结果,建立数学对应关系方程,可为人造板生产企业找到适合自身条件的自检和自控方法提供借鉴。[2-5]

    走访发现,人造板企业控制甲醛释放量多采用(9-11)L干燥器法,故重点研究了浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板(9-11)L干燥器法与1 m3气候箱法测试结果的关系,通过对检测结果进行比对和分析,建立回归方程等方法寻找两种方法的相关性,为人造板生产企业提供参考和借鉴。GB 18580-2017附录中建议生产企业使用的干燥器法按GB/T17657-2013[6]中4.59规定方法,试样需在温度(20±2)℃、湿度(65±5)%的条件下,预处理约7d或质量达到恒定后再进行检测;样品表面积1800 mm2,以此确定试件数量;检测时将其置于(20±0.5)℃温度下24 h±10 min,此方法节省的时间有限,且对检测环境的温度和检测时间要求更为严格。故采用GB 18580-2001[7]标准中的干燥器法检测甲醛,不要求对样品进行预处理,且规定所有样品均取10块,节省操作成本,方便企业质量控制。

    • 以浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板为试验材料,共计40批次,其中包括浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板20批次、浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板7批次、浸渍胶膜纸饰面胶合板3批次、浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板10批次,厚度从4.5 mm到18 mm,均从市场上随机购买。

      将板材截成1220 mm×1220 mm的2块,其中一块用来制作气候箱法的试件,一块作为干燥器法试件。气候箱法按照GB 18580-2017的要求锯制成500 mm×500 mm的两块进行测试,干燥器法为150 mm×50 mm试件10块,每一试件的切割边缘及末端距板材边缘至少50 mm。

    • 甲醛标准溶液(100mg·L-1)、乙酸铵(分析纯)和乙酰丙酮(分析纯)。

    • 1 m3甲醛检测气候箱(CET-Y40B)、采样泵(GILAIR PLUS)、紫外可见分光光度计(Lambda365)、恒温恒湿空调机组(PRS-DHA30+MHA08)和干燥器(容积为11 L)。

    • 分别按照GB/T17657-2013中4.60甲醛释放量测定(1 m3气候箱法)和GB 18580-2001中6.2(9-11) L干燥器法测定甲醛释放量。

    2.   结果与分析
    • 采用1 m3气候箱法和(9~11)L干燥器法分别测试不同基材的浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板的甲醛释放量,以干燥器法测试数据为自变量x,1 m3气候箱法数据为因变量y作散点图,结果见图1

      Figure 1.  Correlation between dryer value and climate chamber value of formaldehyde emission from wood-based panel decorated with impregnated film paper

      图1a中可以看出,浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板回归方程:y=0.0099x+0.0063,相关系数R2=0.6854,r=0.8279,给定显著水平α=0.05,查表得到rα=0.3120,即r>rα,说明所拟合的线性回归模型方程良好,建立线性回归模型较合理的。

      浸渍胶膜纸饰面胶合板仅有三组数据且较离散,不做分析。

      浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板,甲醛释放量气候箱值多集中在0.003~0.128 mg·m−3,而干燥器值集中在0.292~12.697 mg·L−1。其中有一个样品的气候箱法检测值偏高,为0.128 mg·m−3,对应干燥器法的测定值也偏高,为12.697 mg·L−1。从图1b中的回归方程y=0.0092x+0.0111中得出相关系数R2=0.7096,r=0.8424,给定显著水平α=0.05,查表得到rα=0.4438,即r>r0.05α=0.01,查表得到r0.01=0.5614,即r>0.01,说明回归方程的拟合程度好,在置信水平为99%时,浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板1 m3气候箱值与干燥器值线性相关关系显著。

      图1c中的回归方程y=0.0062x+0.0033中得出相关系数R2=0.4579,浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板两种检测方法检测结果的实际值围绕在两种检测方法相关性的线性回归模型方程附近,且只能解释45.79%的实际值变化趋势,说明两者的线性相关性不好。

      浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板,甲醛释放量气候箱值多集中在0.003~0.043 mg·m−3,而干燥器值集中在0.433~1.002 mg·L−1。从图1d中的回归方程y=0.0596x− 0.0255,R2=0.7224 ,能解释72.24%的实际值变化趋势,r=0.8499,给定显著水平α=0.05,查表得到rα=0.7545,即r>r0.05,说明回归方程的拟合程度好,浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板1 m3气候箱值与干燥器值线性相关关系显著。从有限的数据对比看出,干燥器值大于1.002 mg·L−1,气候箱值就会超过0.043 mg·m−3;干燥器值代入模型计算,其气候箱值为0.034 mg·m−3,值偏小。使用模型反推,气候箱值达到E0级0.050 mg·m−3,干燥器值为1.267 mg·L−1;气候箱值达到0.124 mg·m−3,干燥器值为2.508 mg·L−1。根前面计算结果可估算,浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板纤维的干燥器值小于1.5 mg·L−1,气候箱值就能到达E0级;干燥器值大于2.5 mg·L−1,气候箱值就可能不合格。

    • 浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板、浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板的线性回归方程在0.01 水平上均为极显著,浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板、浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板的P值均(<0.05)(见表1),说明所拟合的线性回归模型方程在置信度α=0.05时整体显著,具有一元线性相关性。

      类别
      Category
      变异原因
      Cause of variation
      自由度(df)
      Freedom
      偏差平方和(SS)Sum of square of
      deviations
      方差(MS)
      Variance
      F值
      F value
      P
      Significance
      浸渍胶膜Impregnated adhesive film paper
      纸饰面人造板Wood-based panel with paper
      回归分析
      Regression analysis
      10.01416930.01416930180.585675887.98271E-11
      残差
      Residual
      370.006505670.000175829
      总计
      Sum
      380.02067497
      浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
      饰面刨花板Decorated chipboard
      回归分析
      Regression analysis
      10.0115040.01150441.9565.68E-06
      残差
      Residual
      170.0046610.000274
      总计
      Sum
      180.016165
      浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
      饰面细木工板Veneered core-board
      回归分析
      Regression analysis
      13.90859E-053.90859E-056.5450110.037643652
      残差
      Residual
      74.1803E-055.97186E-06
      总计
      Sum
      88.08889E-05
      浸渍胶膜纸Impregnated adhesive film paper
      饰面纤维板Decorated fiberboard
      回归分析
      Regression analysis
      10.0008540.0008549.9065310.034598
      残差
      Residual
      40.0003458.63E-05
      总计
      Sum
      50.0012

      Table 1.  Regression analysis of 1m3 climate chamber value and dryer value of wood-based panel decorated with impregnated film paper

    3.   结论
    • (1)从现有数据分析,在检测环境相同的情况下,气候箱法甲醛释放量主要受板材自身甲醛含量影响,与不同批次、厚度等没有必然联系,甲醛气候箱值仅与干燥器值有线性相关性,所以,浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板甲醛气候箱值可以由干燥器值预测。

      (2)浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板的两种方法测定甲醛释放量的直线相关性达0.01显著水平;浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板和浸渍胶膜纸饰面纤维板间直线相关性达0.05显著水平,这种相关性可作为3种人造板不同方法间甲醛释放量的转换依据。

      (3)不同基材浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板,1 m3气候箱法与干燥器法测定的甲醛浓度数值呈正相关的关系,但两者的线性关系较差(R2=0.6854)。

      (4)浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板,1 m3气候箱法与干燥器法测定的甲醛浓度数值呈一定的正相关关系,但两者的线性关系较差(R2=0.4579),这可能与基材细木工板的结构和甲醛释放规律有关,有待后期进一步研究。

      (5)浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板和纤维板,1 m3气候箱法与干燥器法测定的甲醛浓度数值呈正相关关系,所拟合的线性回归模型方程在置信度α=0.01和α=0.05时整体极显著,具有一元线性相关性。浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板和纤维板基材为刨花板和中密度纤维板,其内部结构相对均匀,甲醛释放稳定[8],因此,相关系数高。在企业内部质量控制时,可以采用9~11 L干燥器法替代1 m3气候箱法进行产品的质量监测。但当产品原材料、工艺和结构发生变化时,线性回归方程需要根据进一步的试验进行调整验证。

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