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桃花心木(Swietenia mahagoni),是楝科(Meliaceae)桃花心木亚科桃花心木属(Swietenia)常绿或半常绿乔木[1-2],原产于南美洲和中美洲,现在我国福建、台湾、广东、广西、海南、云南等地均有种植[3-4]。因其心材呈现橙红褐色至粉红褐色,径切面具有美丽的特征性条状花纹,具有桃花色泽而得名,是世界上最名贵的木材之一[2]。据有关报道,桃花心木具有抗菌、抗氧化等药用活性,其种子和果实多被用于民间治疗各种疾病[5];其花或叶提取物、花粉精油对斜纹夜蛾、菜青虫、莴苣指管蚜、芒果蒂腐病菌、香蕉炭疽病菌等也具有较好的拒食和毒杀活性[5-7]。因桃花心木的木质优良、用途广泛、经济价值高,市场的需求量极大,导致现存的桃花心木已被大量砍伐,由于过度的采伐利用,天然林资源在不断减少,木材供不应求,桃花心木现已成为“世界八大濒临灭绝生物物种资源”[2]。
目前,国内对于桃花心木的种苗繁育技术的研究仍然较少,主要的繁殖途径也是通过种子萌发[8-10],种子贮存时间若超过5个月,则会全部丧失发芽能力[2]。而扦插育苗既可以很好的保持母本的优良性状,又可以缩短育苗时间,不受种子产量、储存条件及时间的限制。本试验尝试通过不同扦插基质及不同生根促进剂及浓度处理扦插穗条来提高桃花心木的生根率,进而提高成活率,为推广桃花心木的无性繁殖育苗提供技术参考。
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从表1的方差分析结果可以看出,生根促进剂种类(Z)、浓度(N)及二者的交互作用对桃花心木扦插穗条生根率的影响均达极显著差异,且生根促进剂种类(Z)对桃花心木扦插生根率的影响明显优于浓度(N)。
变异来源
Source of variation离差平方和
Sums of squared deviations自由度
Freedom均方
Mean squareF 值
F value因素Z 4370.038 3 1456.679 550.336** 因素N 5189.887 4 1297.472 490.187** 因素Z*因素N 5139.934 12 428.328 161.823** 误差c 105.876 40 2.647 总变异 14805.735 59 注:*为显著差异;**为极显著差异。Note: * indicates significant difference; * * indicates extremely significant difference. Table 1. Variance analysis of the influence of different rooting promoters and their concentration on the rooting rate of Swietenia mahagoni cuttings
从表2的多重比较结果可以看出,在相同浓度处理下,4种生根促进剂(N)处理间生根率差异极显著;且在相同生根促进剂(N)处理下,不同浓度处理的生根率间差异极显著。其中,经0.55g/L的IBA处理的桃花心木扦插生根率最高达80.61%。
因子
Factor生根率/% Rooting rate /% N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 Z1 28.5+2.10Cc 30.3+1.05Cb 41.8+1.82Ca 61.2+1.05Cb 47.9+1.05Cc Z2 47.9+1.05Ac 72.1+2.10Ab 80.6+1.05Aa 63.6+1.81Ab 39.4+2.78Ac Z3 33.3+1.05Bc 53.9+2.10Bb 67.3+1.82Ba 60.0+0.00Bb 39.4+1.05Bc Z4 38.2+1.82Dc 58.2+1.82Db 43.0+1.05Da 34.5+1.81Db 20.0+1.82Dc 注:不同大写字母为不同生根促进剂间差异极显著,A>B>C>D;不同小写字母为不同浓度间差异极显著,a>b>c。Note: Different capital letters indicate that there are significant differences among different rooting promoters, A>B>C>D; Different lowercase letters indicate that the difference between different concentrations is extremely significant, a>b> c. Table 2. Effects of different rooting promoters and their concentration on rooting rate of Swietenia mahagoni cutting spikes
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从表3-4可以看出,不同的扦插基质对扦插苗的生根具有较大的差异性,其中,红壤与珍珠岩等体积混合基质(M1)的桃花心木扦插生根率明显优于其他3种基质,生根率最高达83.64%,本试验中平均生根率最低的基质为红壤与椰糠等体积混合基质(M4),仅为36.36%。从表2的方差结果也表明,最适宜桃花心木扦插苗生根的基质为红壤与珍珠岩等体积混合基质(M1)。
因素水平
Factor level生根率/% Rooting rate/% 重复Ⅰ 重复Ⅱ 重复Ⅲ 均值 M1 78.18 83.64 78.18 79.9+3.18a M2 72.73 65.45 61.82 66.6+5.54b M3 60.00 54.55 52.73 55.7+3.80c M4 47.27 36.36 41.82 41.8+5.45d 注:同列字母为0.05水平上差异显著,a>b>c>d。Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, a>b>c>d. Table 3. Effects of different cutting mediums on rooting rate of Swietenia mahagoni cuttings
变异来源
Source of variation平方和
Sum of squares自由度
Freedom均方
Mean squareF值
F value组间 Between groups 2357.022 3 785.674 36.985** 组内 Within groups 169.947 8 21.243 总数 Sum 2526.969 11 注:*为显著差异;**为极显著差异。Note: * indicates significant difference; * * indicates extremely significant difference. Table 4. Variance analysis of the influence of different cutting mediums on rooting rate of Swietenia mahagoni cuttings
Experiment on Rapid Propagation Technique of Swietenia mahagoni by Cuttings
doi: 10.12172/202108270002
- Received Date: 2021-08-27
- Available Online: 2022-03-15
- Publish Date: 2022-06-09
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Key words:
- Swietenia mahagoni /
- Cutting seedlings /
- Survival rate
Abstract: In order to improve the cutting survival rate of Swietenia mahagoni, the experiments were carried out to study the effects of different rooting promoters, concentrations and cutting mediums on the rooting effect of cuttage seedlings of Swietenia mahagoni. The results showed that after the cuttage seedlings of Swietenia mahagoni were treated with 0.55g/L IBA, the highest rooting rate was 83.64% when the red soil and perlite were mixed at 1:1 as cutting medium.