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随着我国国民经济的飞速发展,电网建设的步伐不断加快,大量的远距离高压输电线路采取跨越林区的方式走线,其覆盖范围已经延伸到了地理位置偏远、地势复杂多样的高山地区。越来越多的高压架空输电线路穿过地势起伏较大的山谷丛林,也会经过林区等森林资源丰富的地带,在其建设阶段,施工不规范用火、施工人员吸烟,在其运行阶段,由于树木生长差异产生的风偏放电、极端气候产生雷电弧等因素均可能引燃枯枝落叶,带来森林火灾隐患。为避免由重大火险引发的生命和经济损失,大量的森林火险研究围绕着输电线路展开。
到目前为止,国内外专家已经就森林火灾对输电线路造成的灾害进行了大量研究,内容主要包括森林火灾下的跳闸机理分析、间隙放电和击穿原理等研究。例如,王浩东等[1]通过对输电线路典型的森林火灾事件分析,阐述了线路的森林火灾跳闸类型,研究了森林火灾引发导线对地放电原因,提出建立和完善由于森林火灾引发的输电线路跳闸等事故的应急处理预案措施。陆佳政等[2]针对高温下的线路绝缘性能进行了分析论述,阐述了森林火灾发生时候由于空气绝缘性能降低,导致导线间隙和火焰顶端被击穿造成线路跳闸,在这种情况上很大程度不能重合闸成功,给电网的稳定运行带来了很大隐患。上述研究聚焦于森林火灾对输电线路造成的潜在影响,有利于输电线路完善在森林火灾爆发下的稳定运行,减少损失。但随着现阶段林区森林资源的丰富,线下树木的可燃性提升,输电线路本身已经成为森林火灾的导火索之一,如何降低输电线路引发森林火灾的概率已经成为现今森林火灾与输电线路研究的重心。
本文就近年来的输电线路森林火险相关研究,梳理介绍了输电线路森林火灾风险评估及区划、输电线路森林火灾在线监测技术,综合分析了其火险评估应用及研究现状,具体阐述了其在线监测技术的原理及优劣势,并展望了架空输电线路森林火灾防控研究的发展趋势。
Research and Application Status on Forest Fire Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Overhead Transmission Lines
doi: 10.12172/202103220002
- Received Date: 2021-03-22
- Available Online: 2021-10-15
- Publish Date: 2021-12-10
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Key words:
- Transmission line /
- Forest fire prevention /
- Risk assessment /
- Fire monitoring
Abstract: With the rapid development of economy, a large number of high-voltage power transmission lines were routed across the forest, which brought the fire risks of forest fire. Now, many current studies focused on the potential impact of forest fires on transmission lines, but they ignore the fire hazards caused by transmission lines themselves. By introducing the current forest fire risk assessment and zoning research of transmission lines, the paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of satellite remote sensing, laser radar and wireless sensor monitoring technologies in transmission lines and their application status, so as to provide a new idea for transmission line designers and construction personnel to reduce the forest fire risk caused by transmission lines. It was also considered that most of the existing research focused on the online monitoring and early warning of forest fires on transmission lines, and the research on forest fire prevention design and construction measures of overhead transmission lines should be focused in the future to improve the pre-disaster prevention ability of transmission lines.