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云木香(Aucklandia costus Falc.)又名木香、广木香、青木香,为菊科云木香属植物。主要分布和栽培于我国四川、云南、广西、贵州等省区。云木香在我国以根茎入药,已经被广泛用于治疗各种疾病,如哮喘、腹泻、呕吐[1]及具有缓解平滑肌痉挛,降低血压,抗菌和抗病毒,以及镇痛作用[2]。到目前为止,已经从木香中分离、鉴定出多种成分,其中包括萜内酯类、生物碱类、黄酮类、蒽醌类等,研究表明,其中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯等倍半萜内酯为木香中的主要活性成分[2, 3]。这两种倍半萜内酯具有治疗哮喘、改善胃功能、抗炎[4-6]、抗肿瘤[7]等多种药理学活性[8]。目前大多采用水蒸气蒸馏法、乙醇加热回流法、超临界CO2流体萃取法等进行提取[9],但都存在提取效率低,成本高,易造成污染等缺点。因此,寻求更加有效的提取木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的方法成为近年的研究热点。
超声辅助提取是一种简单、高效、廉价的提取方法[10]。超声波具有强烈振动效应、聚能效应和空化效应,这一特点能够加速目标成分的溶出,缩短提取时间,从而提高目标成分产物得率[11]。柠檬烯是从柑橘皮料中分离而来的一种天然活性单萜,具有抑菌、防腐、抗肿瘤等多重功效[12],在工业上有广泛的用途,食品工业上可用作食品添加剂[13],是一种新型的绿色溶剂。本文尝试选用柠檬烯作为提取溶剂采用超声辅助提取法从木香根茎中提取木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯。为木香的开发利用提供一定的技术支持。
Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Costundide and Dehydrocostus Lactone from Aucklandia costus Falc. Produced in Sichuan Province
doi: 10.12172/202103050003
- Received Date: 2021-03-05
- Available Online: 2021-07-15
- Publish Date: 2021-09-30
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Key words:
- Aucklandia costus Falc. /
- Limonene /
- Ultrasonic cell disruption assisted extraction /
- Costunolide /
- Dehydrocostus lactone
Abstract: Using the rhizomes of Aucklandia costus Falc. produced in Sichuan Province as raw materials and limonene as extraction solvent, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were extracted by ultrasonic cell disruption assisted extraction method. Effects of liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic power, cavitation time, buffer time, and ultrasonic time on the yield of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were investigated by the quantitative method of high performance liquid chromatography. The best extraction conditions were as follows: under the ultrasonic power 350 W, ultrasonic time 40 min, the ratio of limonene to Radix Aucklandiae was 25 mL·g−1, the cavitation time was 1.5 s, and the buffer time was 2.0 s. Ultrasonic cell disruption assisted extraction method had the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection.