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火是地球上一种常见的现象,在地球生命演化进程中扮演着非常重要的角色,塑造着万物生灵[1-3],在生态系统的演替过程中发挥着重要的作用[4],是生物多样性产生的关键驱动力[5-8]。同时,火也是一种剧烈的环境干扰因素,对生态系统的影响十分显著,尤其是在全球变暖和人类活动加剧的当下,火灾发生的强度和频率将进一步增加[9, 10],火对地球生态系统的影响及火后生态恢复将成为21世纪生态学的重要研究内容之一[11]。
微生物是地球上出现最早的生命,栖息在几乎所有人类可以想象的环境中。土壤中蕴藏着地球上最多样化的微生物资源,是地球关键元素循环的引擎,联系着大气圈、水圈、岩石圈和生物圈的物质和能量交流,并对土壤结构的形成与维护以及植物健康生长均起着重要作用[12, 13]。同时,土壤微生物还在植被恢复、生境重建和土壤的稳定性等方面发挥着非常重要而独特的作用[14, 15]。可见,土壤微生物是生态系统的关键组成部分,它的扰动和恢复过程都会直接影响到地表植被和其他生态过程[16-18]。近年来,随着分子生物技术和分析方法的迅猛发展[19],生态学中长期被忽视的土壤微生物逐渐得到重视,其在生态系统恢复中的重要性也逐渐得到认可[20, 21]。因此,本文基于相关研究文献,分析火干扰下的土壤微生物研究现状,探求未来火干扰下森林土壤微生物研究需要关注的方向,以此助力二十一世纪的火生态学研究及生态系统修复实践。
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