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Liu Y, Li J Q, Liu Z X, et al. Evaluation of soil heavy metals in the place of giant panda staple food bamboo[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2021, 42(1): 25−28 doi: 10.12172/202008110002
Citation: Liu Y, Li J Q, Liu Z X, et al. Evaluation of soil heavy metals in the place of giant panda staple food bamboo[J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2021, 42(1): 25−28 doi: 10.12172/202008110002

Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metals in the Place of Giant Panda Staple Food Bamboo


doi: 10.12172/202008110002
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  • Received Date: 2020-08-11
    Available Online: 2020-12-22
  • Publish Date: 2021-02-04
  • Based on the investigation and analysis of heavy metal elements As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Cu in the soil of the Huaying Mountain karst areas where Giant panda's staple food bamboo is produced, the environmental quality of local soil heavy metals in the local soil was evaluated by single pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and correlation analysis method. The results showed that: (1) The single factor pollution index of the six heavy metals in the study area was less than 0.7, and the comprehensive pollution index was also less than 0.7. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between Hg and pH value, Hg and As, a significant positive correlation between Pb and Cu, and a significant negative correlation between As and Pb, As and Cr. The soil environment in the karst area of the Huaying Mountain is clean and free of pollution, which provides a guarantee for the growth and development of bamboo, the staple food of Giant pandas, and is also conducive to the future release of Giant pandas here.
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  • [1] 闵安民,慕长龙,王宇,等. 四川秦巴山区绿色食品产地环境质量评价[J]. 四川林业科技,2005(2):7−11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5508.2005.02.002
    [2] 尹伟,卢瑛,甘海华,等. 佛山市某工业区周边蔬菜地土壤重金属含量与评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):508−512. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2009.03.016
    [3] 缪白玉,彭培好,文辉,等. 苍溪县白鹤乡土壤重金属环境质量评价[J]. 四川林业科技,2011,32(5):76−79. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5508.2011.05.016
    [4] 刘文勇,满秀玲. 鸡西矿区废弃地重金属含量及其污染评价[J]. 水土保持学报,2007(6):70−74. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2007.06.016
    [5] 刘庆,王静,史衍玺,等. 绿色食品产地土壤重金属空间分布与污染评价[J]. 水土保持学报,2007(3):90−94. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2007.03.021
    [6] 王柳茜,余丹,王冬艳,等. 吉林省黑土区土壤重金属元素的生物有效性转化效率特征及相互关系[J]. 江苏农业科学,2017,45(8):274−278.
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Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metals in the Place of Giant Panda Staple Food Bamboo

doi: 10.12172/202008110002
  • 1. Guang’an Huaying Moutain Giant Panda Reintroduction Training Centre, Guang’an 638500, China
  • 2. Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Abstract: Based on the investigation and analysis of heavy metal elements As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Cu in the soil of the Huaying Mountain karst areas where Giant panda's staple food bamboo is produced, the environmental quality of local soil heavy metals in the local soil was evaluated by single pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and correlation analysis method. The results showed that: (1) The single factor pollution index of the six heavy metals in the study area was less than 0.7, and the comprehensive pollution index was also less than 0.7. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between Hg and pH value, Hg and As, a significant positive correlation between Pb and Cu, and a significant negative correlation between As and Pb, As and Cr. The soil environment in the karst area of the Huaying Mountain is clean and free of pollution, which provides a guarantee for the growth and development of bamboo, the staple food of Giant pandas, and is also conducive to the future release of Giant pandas here.

  • 大熊猫主食竹是大熊猫主要的食物来源。主食竹产地的土壤质量是影响主食竹质量最关键的因素之一[1]。主食竹在生长发育过程中会不可避免的吸收一些重金属元素如As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb和Cu等重金属元素[2]。由于人类活动的干扰,导致土壤重金属含量远大于土壤原有含量,易造成土壤重金属污染[3]。土壤重金属污染会对主食竹的质量产生不利的影响,大熊猫取食受影响的主食竹会危害自身健康。因此对大熊猫主食竹产地的土壤重金属环境进行评价,掌握当地土壤重金属的质量情况,为保护大熊猫和大熊猫主食竹提供科学合理的政策支持和依据是十分紧要的。

1.   研究区概况
  • 研究地位于华蓥山岩溶区(106°38'~106°45'E、29°58'~30°08'N),海拔范围为800~1 704 m。主峰高登山1 704 m,为四川盆地底部区域的最高峰。华蓥山岩溶区属于中亚热带湿润季风气候区域,年均降水量为1 158 mm,极端高温为34.34 ℃,极端低温为1.10 ℃。土壤主要有水稻土、冲积土、黄壤、紫色土4个土类。华蓥山地区规划放归大熊猫种群的栖息地面积为80 km2,区内植被中纯竹林占60 %,竹树混生林占25 %,杂灌林占10 %,人工林占5 %。经调查该区域煤矿资源丰富,无重金属矿产资源。

2.   研究方法
  • 2019年7月对研究区内土壤质量状况进行调查,土壤采样点设置在规划放归大熊猫区域,根据不同的地形条件及主要的生境类型(7个纯竹林样方,7个针阔叶混交林样方,6个常绿落叶阔叶混交林样方),共设置了20个10 m×10 m固定样地。我们按照五点取样法在10 m×10 m样地内进行土壤取样,取样范围为表层0~30 cm,采集量1 kg,采集过后混合均匀,装入布袋,贴上标签,带回实验室处理。土壤样品分析由四川省林产品质量安全检验检测中心承担,分别测试了As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb和Cu 6个重金属元素和pH值共7个指标。

  • 式中:Pi为土壤污染物i的污染指数;Ci为土壤污染物i的实测浓度;Si为污染物i的评价标准。

    土壤重金属的积累状况采用中国土壤元素背景值为参照标准,土壤环境质量评价采用《全国土壤污染状况评价技术规定》(环发[2008]39号)的规定。土壤单项污染指数评价分级标准参考国家土壤环境质量标准,定义Pi≤0.7的取样点区域定义为清洁无污染,0.7≤Pi≤1定义为尚清洁(警戒线),1<Pi≤2定义为轻度污染,2<Pi≤3定义为中度污染,Pi>3定义为重度污染[1,2,3,4]

  • 式中P为综合污染指数;(Ci max/Si max)为单项污染指数的最大值;(Ci ave/Si ave)为单项污染指数平均值[4,5]。综合污染指数评价分级标准同2.2.1。

3.   结果与分析
  • 对大熊猫主食竹产地的土壤重金属含量进行统计分析(见表1),结果显示该区域土壤中As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu和Cr 6种重金属含量的平均值分别为9.17,0.12,24.34,0.16,28.62和57.11 mg·kg−1,由图1可知,Hg、Cd和Cu的含量高于中国土壤背景值,分别是中国土壤背景值的1.81,1.61和1.27倍。As、Pb和Cr的含量均低于中国土壤背景值。

    评级指标最大值最小值平均值中国土壤背景值
    As14.75.949.1711.2
    Hg0.210.010.120.065
    Pb31.417.524.3426
    Cd0.260.100.160.097
    Cu33.521.428.6222.6
    Cr75.948.757.1161

    Table 1.  Soil heavy metals content in the study area

    Figure 1.  Comparison between the soil average heavy metals content and the background values of soil in China

  • 根据研究区土壤样本测定结果,计算出各取样点重金属单因子污染指数及综合污染指数。计算结果见(见表2),结果显示,20个取样点的As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu和Cr的单项污染指数Pi均小于0.7,属于清洁无污染。综合污染指数P综也均小于0.7,说明该区域土壤均处于清洁无污染状态。

    取样点AsHgPbCdCuCrP
    10.200.030.210.150.050.130.25
    20.180.030.260.150.060.140.29
    30.200.040.270.130.080.130.31
    40.190.040.310.140.070.130.35
    50.190.040.290.140.080.120.33
    60.370.140.180.130.050.150.40
    70.260.120.220.150.070.120.30
    80.320.130.260.110.070.130.36
    90.330.130.230.130.080.120.37
    100.280.120.230.190.070.130.33
    110.270.120.210.160.080.140.31
    120.240.110.210.180.080.140.29
    130.240.110.290.200.080.150.34
    140.220.100.260.120.070.160.30
    150.150.060.230.140.080.180.27
    160.150.050.240.100.060.170.27
    170.150.060.270.260.070.190.32
    180.220.010.230.190.070.140.27
    190.210.060.240.180.080.150.28
    200.230.070.240.200.070.140.29

    Table 2.  Soil heavy metal pollution index in the study area

  • 研究区域土壤重金属间相关性分析见图2,结果显示土壤pH值越大,土壤中Hg的含量越高;土壤中As的含量越高,Hg的含量就越高,Pb和Cr的含量就越低;土壤中Pb的含量越高,Cu的含量就越高。其他金属之间没有显著相关性。有研究显示,Cd可以促进植物对土壤其他重金属元素的吸收[6],但本研究中未发现Cd与其他土壤重金属元素之间存在显著相关性关系。推测重金属元素会通过促进或抑制植物对其他元素的吸收,进而影响土壤中各元素的含量,但仍需进一步的调查研究。

    Figure 2.  Heat map of correlation among soil heavy metals in soil

4.   结论与讨论
  • (1)大熊猫主食竹产地土壤重金属中Hg、Cd和Cu的含量高于中国土壤背景值,As、Pb和Cr的含量均低于中国土壤背景值。

    (2)大熊猫主食竹产地土壤重金属As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr和Cu的单项污染指数均小于0.7,综合污染指数也均小于0.7,大熊猫主食竹产地土壤处于清洁无污染状态。

    (3)大熊猫主食竹产地土壤重金属中Hg与pH值、As之间存在显著正相关作用,Pb与Cu之间存在显著正相关作用,As与Pb、Cr之间存在显著负相关作用。

    (4)综上所述,大熊猫主食竹产地的土壤环境健康,给大熊猫主食竹的生长发育提供了保障,为以后在该区域放归大熊猫提供了科学的理论依据。

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