2022 Vol. 43 Issue 6
2022 Vol. 43, No. 6 Catalogue
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2022, 43(6): 1-10.
doi: 10.12172/202208220001
Abstract:
Pinus densata initial from natural hybridization between P. yunnanensis and P. tabuliformis. It is an endemic species distributed in the mountainous areas of southwest China, and has great ecological and economic value. We synthesized the natural geographical distribution pattern, species origin and evolution mechanism, individual growth law and environmental impact mechanism of Pinus densata based on 74 literatures published from 1956 to 2021. The results showed that: （1） The distribution area of Pinus densata was centered on southwestern Sichuan, bounded by Jianzha County in Qinghai in the north, Songpan County in Sichuan in the east, Lijiang City in Yunnan in the south, and Sangri County in Tibet in the west, and in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan, the elevation distribution range in the south was higher than in the north, and in the west was higher than in the east; （2） Based on molecular biological evidence, it has been inferred that Pinus densata originated in the northwestern Sichuan in the late Miocene, the population differetiation began in the late Pliocene, and migrated westward to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, ecological selection was the main driver of speciation, and the uplift of the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau promoted the species formation; （3） Previous studies have discussed the growth process of height, diameter at breast height, and volume of Pinus densata, and constructed models related to height, diameter at breast height, biomass, and volume, but lack of comprehensive understanding of the differences due to ecological factors in the growth process, such as climate, light, and geographic gradient. And clarified the research contents that need further attention to clarify the ecological adaptation strategy of Pinus densata: （1） Current distribution areas and complete geographic distribution patterns; （2） Specific origin place, migration routes and evolutionary laws; （3） Biomass estimation model for young trees with diameter at breast height lower than 6 cm; （4） The trade-off relationship, response patterns and physiological mechanisms to different ecological factors of growth and reproductive organs at different stages.
Pinus densata initial from natural hybridization between P. yunnanensis and P. tabuliformis. It is an endemic species distributed in the mountainous areas of southwest China, and has great ecological and economic value. We synthesized the natural geographical distribution pattern, species origin and evolution mechanism, individual growth law and environmental impact mechanism of Pinus densata based on 74 literatures published from 1956 to 2021. The results showed that: （1） The distribution area of Pinus densata was centered on southwestern Sichuan, bounded by Jianzha County in Qinghai in the north, Songpan County in Sichuan in the east, Lijiang City in Yunnan in the south, and Sangri County in Tibet in the west, and in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan, the elevation distribution range in the south was higher than in the north, and in the west was higher than in the east; （2） Based on molecular biological evidence, it has been inferred that Pinus densata originated in the northwestern Sichuan in the late Miocene, the population differetiation began in the late Pliocene, and migrated westward to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, ecological selection was the main driver of speciation, and the uplift of the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau promoted the species formation; （3） Previous studies have discussed the growth process of height, diameter at breast height, and volume of Pinus densata, and constructed models related to height, diameter at breast height, biomass, and volume, but lack of comprehensive understanding of the differences due to ecological factors in the growth process, such as climate, light, and geographic gradient. And clarified the research contents that need further attention to clarify the ecological adaptation strategy of Pinus densata: （1） Current distribution areas and complete geographic distribution patterns; （2） Specific origin place, migration routes and evolutionary laws; （3） Biomass estimation model for young trees with diameter at breast height lower than 6 cm; （4） The trade-off relationship, response patterns and physiological mechanisms to different ecological factors of growth and reproductive organs at different stages.
2022, 43(6): 11-17.
doi: 10.12172/202206010003
Abstract:
Two structural adjustment and transformation models of artificial cypress plantation in hilly areas of central Sichuan, that is, the “strip cutting + replanting” model （with the cutting-strip zone and reserved zone were 8m, and the replanted broad-leaved trees were Alnus cremastogyne、Toona sinensis、Cinnamomum camphora、Camptotheca acuminata）, the “ecological thinning” model （the thinning intensity was 25%~30% in standing volume）, the control stand （no cutting treatment） and the natural secondary oak-cypress mixed forest were taken as the research objects, the biodiversity, tree growth, coverage of shrubs and herbs, and the number of regenerated seedlings were analyzed. The results showed that: （1） The oak-cypress mixed forest had the highest tree layer richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, followed by the “strip cutting + replanting” model. The richness of shrubs and herbs were the highest in oak-cypress mixed forest, followed by the “ecological thinning” model. The shrub diversity index was the highest in the “ecological thinning” model, followed by the oak-cypress mixed forest. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the herbaceous species was the highest in oak-cypress mixed forest, followed by the “ecological thinning” model. However, the species richness and diversity index of the tree, shrub and herb layer of the control stand were the lowest. （2） The average DBH of trees was in the order of the “ecological thinning” model > the “strip cutting + replanting” model > oak-cypress mixed forest > control, and the average tree height was ranked as: the oak-cypress mixed forest > the “strip cutting + replanting” model > the “ecological thinning” model > control. （3） The first and the second highest coverage of shrubs and herbs were the “strip cutting + replanting” model and the oak-cypress mixed forest, and the lowest was the control. （4） In terms of regenerated seedlings under the forest, the largest number was in the oak-cypress mixed forest, and the least was in the control. But, there was little difference between the “strip cutting + replanting” model and the “ecological thinning” model. （5） The forest management plan for the artificial cypress plantation in the hilly areas of central Sichuan should be scientifically formulated according to different management objectives, and multi-functional management approach should be carried out so as to perform its multiple benefits.
Two structural adjustment and transformation models of artificial cypress plantation in hilly areas of central Sichuan, that is, the “strip cutting + replanting” model （with the cutting-strip zone and reserved zone were 8m, and the replanted broad-leaved trees were Alnus cremastogyne、Toona sinensis、Cinnamomum camphora、Camptotheca acuminata）, the “ecological thinning” model （the thinning intensity was 25%~30% in standing volume）, the control stand （no cutting treatment） and the natural secondary oak-cypress mixed forest were taken as the research objects, the biodiversity, tree growth, coverage of shrubs and herbs, and the number of regenerated seedlings were analyzed. The results showed that: （1） The oak-cypress mixed forest had the highest tree layer richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, followed by the “strip cutting + replanting” model. The richness of shrubs and herbs were the highest in oak-cypress mixed forest, followed by the “ecological thinning” model. The shrub diversity index was the highest in the “ecological thinning” model, followed by the oak-cypress mixed forest. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the herbaceous species was the highest in oak-cypress mixed forest, followed by the “ecological thinning” model. However, the species richness and diversity index of the tree, shrub and herb layer of the control stand were the lowest. （2） The average DBH of trees was in the order of the “ecological thinning” model > the “strip cutting + replanting” model > oak-cypress mixed forest > control, and the average tree height was ranked as: the oak-cypress mixed forest > the “strip cutting + replanting” model > the “ecological thinning” model > control. （3） The first and the second highest coverage of shrubs and herbs were the “strip cutting + replanting” model and the oak-cypress mixed forest, and the lowest was the control. （4） In terms of regenerated seedlings under the forest, the largest number was in the oak-cypress mixed forest, and the least was in the control. But, there was little difference between the “strip cutting + replanting” model and the “ecological thinning” model. （5） The forest management plan for the artificial cypress plantation in the hilly areas of central Sichuan should be scientifically formulated according to different management objectives, and multi-functional management approach should be carried out so as to perform its multiple benefits.
2022, 43(6): 18-23.
doi: 10.12172/202205230003
Abstract:
Dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo stumps occupied the stump space after selective cutting of old bamboos and bamboo shoots, which was an important reason for low efficiency of bamboo shoot forest. The test of bamboo stumps etching with potassium hydroxide solution showed that the erosion of strong alkali solution made the inner wall of the bamboo stump soften, the thin-walled cells were damaged, the vascular bundles were stripped and collapsed, and the structure and hardness of the outer wall were limited. The individual bamboo stump was physically inactivated, which was conducive to the participation of natural microorganisms in promoting decay. The strong alkali erosion resulted in significant changes in lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and ash content of bamboo stumps, and 0.50 g/mL potassium hydroxide solution was the best treatment concentration in this experiment. When the stump chamber was treated with potassium hydroxide solution, the pH value decreased to weak alkalinity, and the potassium carbonates in the reactant were all environmentally friendly.
Dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo stumps occupied the stump space after selective cutting of old bamboos and bamboo shoots, which was an important reason for low efficiency of bamboo shoot forest. The test of bamboo stumps etching with potassium hydroxide solution showed that the erosion of strong alkali solution made the inner wall of the bamboo stump soften, the thin-walled cells were damaged, the vascular bundles were stripped and collapsed, and the structure and hardness of the outer wall were limited. The individual bamboo stump was physically inactivated, which was conducive to the participation of natural microorganisms in promoting decay. The strong alkali erosion resulted in significant changes in lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and ash content of bamboo stumps, and 0.50 g/mL potassium hydroxide solution was the best treatment concentration in this experiment. When the stump chamber was treated with potassium hydroxide solution, the pH value decreased to weak alkalinity, and the potassium carbonates in the reactant were all environmentally friendly.
2022, 43(6): 24-33.
doi: 10.12172/202202280001
Abstract:
From April 2008 to December 2021, 84 camera monitoring sites were set up in and around Sichuan Yele Nature Reserve to monitor large and medium-sized mammals and ground birds, with a total of 4504 effective camera working days, and a total of 2039 independent and effective records were obtained. 19 species of wild mammals belonging to 15 families, 4 orders, and 19 species of wild birds belonging to 8 families and 3 orders were identified, including 4 species of national class I and 17 species of national class II key protected wild animals. Based on the relative abundance index and site occupancy, Tufted Deer （Elaphodus cephalophus） （RAI=16.408; SO=65.48%）, Chinses Serow （Capricornis milneedwardsii） （RAI=11.878; SO=30.95%）, Northern Hog Badger （Arctonyx collaris） （RAI=1.465; SO=27.38%）, Wild Boar （Sus scrofa） （RAI=1.332; SO=21.43%） and Red Panda （Ailurus fulgens） （RAI=0.977; SO=26.19%） were ranked as the 5 most abundant mammal species, and Blood Pheasant （Ithaginis cruentus） （RAI=5.662; SO=34.52%）, Temminck’s Tragopan （Tragopan temminckii） （RAI=3.730; SO=22.62%）, Giant Laughingthrush （Garrulax maximus） （RAI=0.222; SO=7.14%）, Elliot’s Laughingthrush （Trochalopteron elliotii） （RAI=0.133; SO=4.76%） and Chestnut Thrush （Turdus rubrocanus） （RAI=0.133; SO=5.95%） were ranked as the 5 most abundant bird species. Meanwhile, one mammal species namely Grey-headed Flying Squirrel （Petaurista caniceps） and nine bird species including Koklass Pheasant （Pucrasia macrolopha）, Bearded Vulture （Gypaetus barbatus）, White-browed Bush Robin （Tarsiger indicus）, White’s Thrush （Zoothera aurea）, Plain-backed Thrush （Zoothera mollissima）, Long-tailed Thrush （Zoothera dixoni）, Spotted Laughingthrush （Garrulax ocellatus）, Maroon-backed Accentor （Prunella immaculata）, White-winged Grosbeak （Mycerobas carnipes）, were new records in the nature reserve. The results of activity rhythm analysis showed that the Tufted Deer, Blood Pheasant and Temminck’s Tragopan were diurnal animals, while Chinses Serow had no obvious diurnal activity. This study preliminarily grasped the current information of species composition, relative abundance and population distribution of large and medium-sized mammals and ground birds in Yele Nature Reserve, which could provide important basic information for more detailed species conservation and management in the nature reserve.
From April 2008 to December 2021, 84 camera monitoring sites were set up in and around Sichuan Yele Nature Reserve to monitor large and medium-sized mammals and ground birds, with a total of 4504 effective camera working days, and a total of 2039 independent and effective records were obtained. 19 species of wild mammals belonging to 15 families, 4 orders, and 19 species of wild birds belonging to 8 families and 3 orders were identified, including 4 species of national class I and 17 species of national class II key protected wild animals. Based on the relative abundance index and site occupancy, Tufted Deer （Elaphodus cephalophus） （RAI=16.408; SO=65.48%）, Chinses Serow （Capricornis milneedwardsii） （RAI=11.878; SO=30.95%）, Northern Hog Badger （Arctonyx collaris） （RAI=1.465; SO=27.38%）, Wild Boar （Sus scrofa） （RAI=1.332; SO=21.43%） and Red Panda （Ailurus fulgens） （RAI=0.977; SO=26.19%） were ranked as the 5 most abundant mammal species, and Blood Pheasant （Ithaginis cruentus） （RAI=5.662; SO=34.52%）, Temminck’s Tragopan （Tragopan temminckii） （RAI=3.730; SO=22.62%）, Giant Laughingthrush （Garrulax maximus） （RAI=0.222; SO=7.14%）, Elliot’s Laughingthrush （Trochalopteron elliotii） （RAI=0.133; SO=4.76%） and Chestnut Thrush （Turdus rubrocanus） （RAI=0.133; SO=5.95%） were ranked as the 5 most abundant bird species. Meanwhile, one mammal species namely Grey-headed Flying Squirrel （Petaurista caniceps） and nine bird species including Koklass Pheasant （Pucrasia macrolopha）, Bearded Vulture （Gypaetus barbatus）, White-browed Bush Robin （Tarsiger indicus）, White’s Thrush （Zoothera aurea）, Plain-backed Thrush （Zoothera mollissima）, Long-tailed Thrush （Zoothera dixoni）, Spotted Laughingthrush （Garrulax ocellatus）, Maroon-backed Accentor （Prunella immaculata）, White-winged Grosbeak （Mycerobas carnipes）, were new records in the nature reserve. The results of activity rhythm analysis showed that the Tufted Deer, Blood Pheasant and Temminck’s Tragopan were diurnal animals, while Chinses Serow had no obvious diurnal activity. This study preliminarily grasped the current information of species composition, relative abundance and population distribution of large and medium-sized mammals and ground birds in Yele Nature Reserve, which could provide important basic information for more detailed species conservation and management in the nature reserve.
2022, 43(6): 34-40.
doi: 10.12172/202202220001
Abstract:
Forest fire refers to the fire behavior that is not controlled by human beings, spreads freely in forest land, and causes certain damage and loss to forest ecosystem and human beings. The occurrence of forest fire is very sudden, destructive and difficult to deal with. With the gradual maturity and rapid development of remote sensing technology, it has been widely used in forest fire monitoring and disaster assessment due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, wide monitoring range and low cost. It has become an important tool for large-scale forest fire monitoring. In Sichuan area where forest fires occur frequently, a large-scale and high-time resolution forest fire point extraction scheme was proposed by using GF-4 satellite. The threshold of bright and warm fire point suitable for Sichuan area was constructed, and the cloud, water and other influencing factors were eliminated to realize the extraction of fire point in Sichuan. The comprehensive evaluation index of extraction results was above 0.78.
Forest fire refers to the fire behavior that is not controlled by human beings, spreads freely in forest land, and causes certain damage and loss to forest ecosystem and human beings. The occurrence of forest fire is very sudden, destructive and difficult to deal with. With the gradual maturity and rapid development of remote sensing technology, it has been widely used in forest fire monitoring and disaster assessment due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, wide monitoring range and low cost. It has become an important tool for large-scale forest fire monitoring. In Sichuan area where forest fires occur frequently, a large-scale and high-time resolution forest fire point extraction scheme was proposed by using GF-4 satellite. The threshold of bright and warm fire point suitable for Sichuan area was constructed, and the cloud, water and other influencing factors were eliminated to realize the extraction of fire point in Sichuan. The comprehensive evaluation index of extraction results was above 0.78.
2022, 43(6): 41-47.
doi: 10.12172/202201020001
Abstract:
From March 2021 to September 2021, based on infrared camera survey technology, the diversity of large and medium-sized mammals was monitored in Hehuahai National Forest Park, Sichuan Province. A total of 40 monitoring sites were set up, and a total of 5124 d were monitored. 28829 effective records were captured, 5723 effective records were identified, and 17 species of mammals belonging to 9 families and 4 orders were identified. Among them, artiodactyla had the most species （7 species）, followed by carnivora （6 species）, and primate （1 species）. Artiodactyla and carnivorous species accounted for 76.47% of the total number of monitored mammal species. Among the monitored mammal species, 11 species （3 species in class I and 8 species in class II） were listed as national key protected wild animals, among which hairy crowned deer was the species with the largest number, the highest relative index and the widest monitoring distribution range. In this investigation, the infrared camera monitoring survey was carried out for the first time since the establishment of the forest park, and some animal activity image data in the forest park were obtained, which accumulated important basic information for mastering the diversity of the forest park and carrying out follow-up research, and put forward some suggestions for the protection of the forest park.
From March 2021 to September 2021, based on infrared camera survey technology, the diversity of large and medium-sized mammals was monitored in Hehuahai National Forest Park, Sichuan Province. A total of 40 monitoring sites were set up, and a total of 5124 d were monitored. 28829 effective records were captured, 5723 effective records were identified, and 17 species of mammals belonging to 9 families and 4 orders were identified. Among them, artiodactyla had the most species （7 species）, followed by carnivora （6 species）, and primate （1 species）. Artiodactyla and carnivorous species accounted for 76.47% of the total number of monitored mammal species. Among the monitored mammal species, 11 species （3 species in class I and 8 species in class II） were listed as national key protected wild animals, among which hairy crowned deer was the species with the largest number, the highest relative index and the widest monitoring distribution range. In this investigation, the infrared camera monitoring survey was carried out for the first time since the establishment of the forest park, and some animal activity image data in the forest park were obtained, which accumulated important basic information for mastering the diversity of the forest park and carrying out follow-up research, and put forward some suggestions for the protection of the forest park.
2022, 43(6): 48-56.
doi: 10.12172/202112280001
Abstract:
In order to identify the macro and micro structural characteristics of Phoebe Zhennan and Phoebe bournei and the differences between them, and to provide reference basis for wood recognition and identification, the study of macro and anatomical structure characteristics of two kinds of wood was studied and compared. By using biological microscope, digital microscope and Image J image processing software, the macroscopic and anatomical structural characteristics of Phoebe zhennan and Phoebe bournei were observed and studied. The comparison results of macro structure showed that there were some differences in wood color and texture between them, but the other macroscopic characteristics had no significant differences. The comparision results of microstructure showed that there were relatively distinct differences in tangential diameter of vessel and wall thickness of vessel, and there were also relatively distinct differences in lumina diameter of wood fibre, wall thickness of wood fibre and wall cavity ratio of wood fibre, and there were also some differences in ray width （column number of cells）, other microscopic characteristics had no significant differences.
In order to identify the macro and micro structural characteristics of Phoebe Zhennan and Phoebe bournei and the differences between them, and to provide reference basis for wood recognition and identification, the study of macro and anatomical structure characteristics of two kinds of wood was studied and compared. By using biological microscope, digital microscope and Image J image processing software, the macroscopic and anatomical structural characteristics of Phoebe zhennan and Phoebe bournei were observed and studied. The comparison results of macro structure showed that there were some differences in wood color and texture between them, but the other macroscopic characteristics had no significant differences. The comparision results of microstructure showed that there were relatively distinct differences in tangential diameter of vessel and wall thickness of vessel, and there were also relatively distinct differences in lumina diameter of wood fibre, wall thickness of wood fibre and wall cavity ratio of wood fibre, and there were also some differences in ray width （column number of cells）, other microscopic characteristics had no significant differences.
2022, 43(6): 57-62.
doi: 10.12172/202103080001
Abstract:
Taking the soil moisture in the desertified area of Zoige county in northwest Sichuan as the research object, the soil moisture of different desertification types and different restoration years were measured. The results showed that the rainfall in the alpine sandy land of northwest Sichuan had a very strong seasonality, and the order of overall soil content rate from high to low was summer, autumn and spring. The correlation between soil moisture content of 0−20 cm and rainfallwas more obvious than that of 20−60 cm. Soil water content of different desertification types was closely related to soil physical properties, vegetation coverage and other factors. The average soil water content from high to low was grassland, light desertification, moderate desertification and severe desertification. The overall soil moisture content in mobile alpine sandy land was significantly lower than that of grassland soil, but the difference gradually decreased with the increase of restoration years.
Taking the soil moisture in the desertified area of Zoige county in northwest Sichuan as the research object, the soil moisture of different desertification types and different restoration years were measured. The results showed that the rainfall in the alpine sandy land of northwest Sichuan had a very strong seasonality, and the order of overall soil content rate from high to low was summer, autumn and spring. The correlation between soil moisture content of 0−20 cm and rainfallwas more obvious than that of 20−60 cm. Soil water content of different desertification types was closely related to soil physical properties, vegetation coverage and other factors. The average soil water content from high to low was grassland, light desertification, moderate desertification and severe desertification. The overall soil moisture content in mobile alpine sandy land was significantly lower than that of grassland soil, but the difference gradually decreased with the increase of restoration years.
2022, 43(6): 63-73.
doi: 10.12172/202201140001
Abstract:
From June 2020 to June 2021, the bird diversity of Qingyi Lake provincial wetland park in Ya'an city was investigated by using sample line method and sample point method. Based on 6 field investigations, a total of 98 species of birds belonging to 40 families and 14 orders were recorded. Among them, there were 8 species of national class II key protected birds, 9 species of Sichuan provincial key protected species. There were three species were endemic to China, three species were on the IUCN Red List of endangered species （1 vulnerable and 2 near threatened species）, and seven species were listed in Appendix Ⅱ of CITES. Residence type analysis indicated that resident birds and summer migrants were the main species （80.61%）. Fauna analysis indicated that, among the breeding birds, 50 species （51.02%） were from Oriental Realm, 21 species （21.43%） were from Palearctic Realm and 27 species （27.55%） were widespread species. The species richness was the highest in summer, the Shannon-Wiener index was the highest in winter, while the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index were the lowest in autumn, and the similarity among different seasons was high （Cj=0.212~0.345）. Broad-leaved forest had the highest species richness and Shannon-Wiener index among different habitats, the species richness of coastal wetland habitat was the lowest, while the Shannon-Wiener index of residential habitat was the lowest. Except for aquatic habitats, the similarity of the other five habitats was high （Cj =0.114~0.268）. On the whole, the wetland park was rich in bird resources, which had important ecological monitoring and protection value. It is recommended to carry out regular bird monitoring, strengthen the monitoring and protection of wetland park waters and strengthen the publicity and education of bird protection and law enforcement.
From June 2020 to June 2021, the bird diversity of Qingyi Lake provincial wetland park in Ya'an city was investigated by using sample line method and sample point method. Based on 6 field investigations, a total of 98 species of birds belonging to 40 families and 14 orders were recorded. Among them, there were 8 species of national class II key protected birds, 9 species of Sichuan provincial key protected species. There were three species were endemic to China, three species were on the IUCN Red List of endangered species （1 vulnerable and 2 near threatened species）, and seven species were listed in Appendix Ⅱ of CITES. Residence type analysis indicated that resident birds and summer migrants were the main species （80.61%）. Fauna analysis indicated that, among the breeding birds, 50 species （51.02%） were from Oriental Realm, 21 species （21.43%） were from Palearctic Realm and 27 species （27.55%） were widespread species. The species richness was the highest in summer, the Shannon-Wiener index was the highest in winter, while the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index were the lowest in autumn, and the similarity among different seasons was high （Cj=0.212~0.345）. Broad-leaved forest had the highest species richness and Shannon-Wiener index among different habitats, the species richness of coastal wetland habitat was the lowest, while the Shannon-Wiener index of residential habitat was the lowest. Except for aquatic habitats, the similarity of the other five habitats was high （Cj =0.114~0.268）. On the whole, the wetland park was rich in bird resources, which had important ecological monitoring and protection value. It is recommended to carry out regular bird monitoring, strengthen the monitoring and protection of wetland park waters and strengthen the publicity and education of bird protection and law enforcement.
2022, 43(6): 74-79.
doi: 10.12172/202201010002
Abstract:
Three leguminous tree species in Changchun were used as test materials to explore the differences in photosynthetic characteristics, which provided the basis for high-yield cultivation and application. The photosynthetic index was measured by portable photosynthesis instrument, and the chlorophyll content was measured by spectrophotometer. The diurnal changes of the Pn of the three leguminous tree species all showed a double-peak curve, and there was an obvious phenomenon of "noon break". The results of correlation analysis showed that PAR and Pn, Gs and Pn, PAR and Gs of Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia pseudoacacia cv. idahoensis were significantly positively correlated （P<0.01）. There was a significant positive correlation between Tr and Ci of Robinia pseudoacacia （P<0.01）, and there was a significant positive correlation between Tr and Ci of Robinia pseudoacacia cv. Idahoensis （P<0.05）. Under the same PAR condition, Pn was as follows: Robinia pseudoacacia>Robinia pseudoacacia cv.idahoensis>Maackia amurensis, and the light utilization ability was as follows: Maackia amurensis>Robinia pseudoacacia cv.idahoensis>Robinia pseudoacacia.
Three leguminous tree species in Changchun were used as test materials to explore the differences in photosynthetic characteristics, which provided the basis for high-yield cultivation and application. The photosynthetic index was measured by portable photosynthesis instrument, and the chlorophyll content was measured by spectrophotometer. The diurnal changes of the Pn of the three leguminous tree species all showed a double-peak curve, and there was an obvious phenomenon of "noon break". The results of correlation analysis showed that PAR and Pn, Gs and Pn, PAR and Gs of Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia pseudoacacia cv. idahoensis were significantly positively correlated （P<0.01）. There was a significant positive correlation between Tr and Ci of Robinia pseudoacacia （P<0.01）, and there was a significant positive correlation between Tr and Ci of Robinia pseudoacacia cv. Idahoensis （P<0.05）. Under the same PAR condition, Pn was as follows: Robinia pseudoacacia>Robinia pseudoacacia cv.idahoensis>Maackia amurensis, and the light utilization ability was as follows: Maackia amurensis>Robinia pseudoacacia cv.idahoensis>Robinia pseudoacacia.
2022, 43(6): 80-86.
doi: 10.12172/202105250001
Abstract:
According to the field investigation and data collection of Rhododendron plants in Liziping National Nature Reserve of Sichuan province, there were 36 Rhododendron species （including 2 subspecies and 1 variety）, which were belonging to 3 subgenera, 5 groups and 10 subgroups. The Rhododendron species was abundant, the community landscape was spectacular. The main characteristics of the Rhododendron species floristic types were the Eastern China-Himalayan distribution type and East Asia distribution type. There were 8 endemic species in Sichuan, 8 rare and endangered species of Rhododendron plants, so it is urgent to make supplementary investigation and protection for R. mianningense and R. shimianense in the reserve. Rhododendron species were mainly distributed in the middle and high altitude regions of 1800-4000m above sea level, and the number of species first increased and then decreased with the increasing of sea level. Rhododendron species in the reserve had high landscape application value, R. argyrophyllum, R. floribundum and R. orbiculare can be used as excellent parents for new variety creation. It is recommended that the research on the creation, breeding, development and utilization of new Rhododendron varieties should be strengthened on the basis of protection.
According to the field investigation and data collection of Rhododendron plants in Liziping National Nature Reserve of Sichuan province, there were 36 Rhododendron species （including 2 subspecies and 1 variety）, which were belonging to 3 subgenera, 5 groups and 10 subgroups. The Rhododendron species was abundant, the community landscape was spectacular. The main characteristics of the Rhododendron species floristic types were the Eastern China-Himalayan distribution type and East Asia distribution type. There were 8 endemic species in Sichuan, 8 rare and endangered species of Rhododendron plants, so it is urgent to make supplementary investigation and protection for R. mianningense and R. shimianense in the reserve. Rhododendron species were mainly distributed in the middle and high altitude regions of 1800-4000m above sea level, and the number of species first increased and then decreased with the increasing of sea level. Rhododendron species in the reserve had high landscape application value, R. argyrophyllum, R. floribundum and R. orbiculare can be used as excellent parents for new variety creation. It is recommended that the research on the creation, breeding, development and utilization of new Rhododendron varieties should be strengthened on the basis of protection.
2022, 43(6): 87-93.
doi: 10.12172/202202240001
Abstract:
In this study, the mobile sandy land in Zoige county in northwest Sichuan that has not been treated and treated for 5, 10, and 20 years were selected as the research object, and the chang process of plant community species composition, species diversity and spatial distribution pattern at different restoration times of mobile sandy land in northwest Sichuan were analyzed, so as to explore the stability of vegetation community structure after ecological restoration in this area, and provide scientific guidance for ecological restoration of sandy land in northwest Sichuan. The results showed that: (1) With the extension of the recovery time, the number of species in mobile sandy land increased. After 20 years of treatment, the number of plant species increased from about 3 in the untreated plot to about 21, and the vegetation coverage increased from below 5% to 75%. (2) The species diversity index of dominant population generally showed an upward trend with the extension of treatment time. After 20 years of treatment, the richness index, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index increased by 172.51%, 49.45%, 123.79%, and 54.03% respectively. Among them, the richness index and Shannon-Wiener index increased the most, and the evenness index also increased significantly. (3) At different treatment time, the dominant population formed an aggregation distribution pattern, and the aggregation intensity of the same dominant population showed a significant upward trend with the extension of the treatment time. After 10 years of treatment, the species diversity index and aggregation intensity of dominant populations such as Leymus secalinus and Carex moorcroftii were higher, and the aggregation intensity index of dominant population of Kobresia in open sandy land was slightly different. Therefore, it can be concluded that the plant community has basically reached a relatively stable state after 10 years of artificial management of the mobile sandy land. It is proposed that the restoration measures such as setting up willow barriers, planting shrubs and grass, fertilizing, and prohibiting livestock disturbance can effectively promote the vegetation recovery in the ecological restoration of mobile sandy land in the alpine region of northwest Sichuan.
In this study, the mobile sandy land in Zoige county in northwest Sichuan that has not been treated and treated for 5, 10, and 20 years were selected as the research object, and the chang process of plant community species composition, species diversity and spatial distribution pattern at different restoration times of mobile sandy land in northwest Sichuan were analyzed, so as to explore the stability of vegetation community structure after ecological restoration in this area, and provide scientific guidance for ecological restoration of sandy land in northwest Sichuan. The results showed that: (1) With the extension of the recovery time, the number of species in mobile sandy land increased. After 20 years of treatment, the number of plant species increased from about 3 in the untreated plot to about 21, and the vegetation coverage increased from below 5% to 75%. (2) The species diversity index of dominant population generally showed an upward trend with the extension of treatment time. After 20 years of treatment, the richness index, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index increased by 172.51%, 49.45%, 123.79%, and 54.03% respectively. Among them, the richness index and Shannon-Wiener index increased the most, and the evenness index also increased significantly. (3) At different treatment time, the dominant population formed an aggregation distribution pattern, and the aggregation intensity of the same dominant population showed a significant upward trend with the extension of the treatment time. After 10 years of treatment, the species diversity index and aggregation intensity of dominant populations such as Leymus secalinus and Carex moorcroftii were higher, and the aggregation intensity index of dominant population of Kobresia in open sandy land was slightly different. Therefore, it can be concluded that the plant community has basically reached a relatively stable state after 10 years of artificial management of the mobile sandy land. It is proposed that the restoration measures such as setting up willow barriers, planting shrubs and grass, fertilizing, and prohibiting livestock disturbance can effectively promote the vegetation recovery in the ecological restoration of mobile sandy land in the alpine region of northwest Sichuan.
2022, 43(6): 94-96.
doi: 10.12172/202205190001
Abstract:
In order to master the cutting breeding technique of Camellia Polyodonta, the cuttings of Camellia Polyodonta were used as cutting materials, and the effects of substrate, plant growth regulator （type and concentration） and the number of reserved leaves on the survival of cuttings were studied. The results showed that using yellow sand as substrate, soaking with growth regulator IBA 100 mg·L−1 for 3h, and retaining two leaves had better cutting effect.
In order to master the cutting breeding technique of Camellia Polyodonta, the cuttings of Camellia Polyodonta were used as cutting materials, and the effects of substrate, plant growth regulator （type and concentration） and the number of reserved leaves on the survival of cuttings were studied. The results showed that using yellow sand as substrate, soaking with growth regulator IBA 100 mg·L−1 for 3h, and retaining two leaves had better cutting effect.
2022, 43(6): 97-102.
doi: 10.12172/202203310002
Abstract:
In order to establish a container seedling raising technical system suitable for Sapium sebiferum in southern Sichuan, this study analyzed the effects of substrate formulation, slow-release fertilizer amount, container specification and density on the growth of container seedlings of Sapium sebiferum by factorial experiment design, and the container seedling density was studied. The results showed that the growth of container seedlings of one-year-old Sapium sebiferum was significantly affected by three factors: substrate formulation, container specification and slow-release fertilizer amount, and their interactions. Based on the single factor mean value analysis, the mean values of seedling height and ground diameter of substrate formulation A1 （coconut bran 1: peat 1: soil 1） were significantly higher than those of other substrate formulations. The seedling height and height-diameter ratio increased with the increase of slow-release fertilizer level. The seedling height, ground diameter and height-diameter ratio of 10.0 × 13.5 cm container specification were significantly better than other specifications. A1 substrate could be used to obtain high-quality seedlings with low application of slow-release fertilizer amount （1 kg/m3） and medium-sized container （10.0 × 13.5 cm）, which could save the seedling cost. When the container seedling placement density of Sapium sebiferum was （6 × 6） /m2, the seedling height, ground diameter and height-diameter ratio were the best. With the increase of container seedling placement density, the ground diameter and height-diameter ratio both decreased significantly. The most suitable combination of factors for container seedling raising of Sapium sebiferum in southern Sichuan was as follows: the substrate formulation was coconut bran 1: peat 1: soil 1, the slow-release fertilizer amount was 3 kg/m3, and the specification of non-woven fabric container was （10.0 × 13.5） cm, and the container placement density was 6 × 6 /m2.
In order to establish a container seedling raising technical system suitable for Sapium sebiferum in southern Sichuan, this study analyzed the effects of substrate formulation, slow-release fertilizer amount, container specification and density on the growth of container seedlings of Sapium sebiferum by factorial experiment design, and the container seedling density was studied. The results showed that the growth of container seedlings of one-year-old Sapium sebiferum was significantly affected by three factors: substrate formulation, container specification and slow-release fertilizer amount, and their interactions. Based on the single factor mean value analysis, the mean values of seedling height and ground diameter of substrate formulation A1 （coconut bran 1: peat 1: soil 1） were significantly higher than those of other substrate formulations. The seedling height and height-diameter ratio increased with the increase of slow-release fertilizer level. The seedling height, ground diameter and height-diameter ratio of 10.0 × 13.5 cm container specification were significantly better than other specifications. A1 substrate could be used to obtain high-quality seedlings with low application of slow-release fertilizer amount （1 kg/m3） and medium-sized container （10.0 × 13.5 cm）, which could save the seedling cost. When the container seedling placement density of Sapium sebiferum was （6 × 6） /m2, the seedling height, ground diameter and height-diameter ratio were the best. With the increase of container seedling placement density, the ground diameter and height-diameter ratio both decreased significantly. The most suitable combination of factors for container seedling raising of Sapium sebiferum in southern Sichuan was as follows: the substrate formulation was coconut bran 1: peat 1: soil 1, the slow-release fertilizer amount was 3 kg/m3, and the specification of non-woven fabric container was （10.0 × 13.5） cm, and the container placement density was 6 × 6 /m2.
2022, 43(6): 103-108.
doi: 10.12172/202203290003
Abstract:
Aralia chinensis is a traditional Chinese edible and medicinal wild herb with high nutritional value and health care function, which is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and many other diseases. Because the market demand is constantly increasing, but at present, Aralia chinensis resources are declining year by year, so it is impossible to meet the market demand only by natural renewal alone. So, it is more and more important to select excellent Aralia chinensis provenance and strengthen good breeding research. Therefore, it is necessary to study the morphological differences of Aralia chinensis seeds, select excellent seeds and provide alternative provenances for Aralia chinensis planting. The seeds of Aralia chinensis from Kangding, Luding, Ganzhou red Aralia chinensis, Ganzhou black Aralia chinensis and Harbin provenances were used as research objects, and the index of seed appearance, 1000-seed weight, seed purity, seed empty seed rate and seed viability of different provenances were determined. There were significant differences in seed size, 1000-seed weight, seed purity, empty seed rate and seed viability among different provenances (P < 0.05). The maximum seed length was C4, 3.45mm, the minimum was C5, 1.92mm, and the maximum coefficient of variation was C1, 13.21%, and the minimum was C4, 5.72%. The maximum width was C4, 2.29mm, the minimum was C3, 1.37mm, and the maximum width variation coefficient was C3, 11.67%, the minimum was C4, 6.15%. The maximum seed thickness was C2 (1.05mm), the minimum was C4 (0.56mm), and the maximum seed thickness variation coefficient was C5 (12.71%), the minimum was C2 (8.65%). The 1000-seed weight ranged from 1.01 to 2.87g, among which C4 seeds had the largest 1000-seed weight (2.87g) and C5 seeds had the smallest 1000-seed weight (1.01g). The purity of seeds ranged from 82.33 to 100%, among which the purity of C3, C4 and C5 seeds commercially sold in the market reached 100%, while the purity of C1 seeds was the smallest with a value of 82.33%. The seed empty rate of C4 was the smallest (5.33%), and the highest was C2 (34.33%). The seed viability ranged from 53.33% to 94.00%, among which C3 seeds had the highest viability (94%) and C2 seeds had the lowest viability (53.33%). Based on the comprehensive analysis, the seed traits of the same species from different geographical locations were quite different. Jiangxi black Aralia chinensis showed good characteristics in the overall index measurement. After comparison, it was found that there were obvious differences in appearance between the local seeds and other seeds (P < 0.05), and the plumpness and 1000-seed weight of seeds were also higher than those of other provenances.
Aralia chinensis is a traditional Chinese edible and medicinal wild herb with high nutritional value and health care function, which is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and many other diseases. Because the market demand is constantly increasing, but at present, Aralia chinensis resources are declining year by year, so it is impossible to meet the market demand only by natural renewal alone. So, it is more and more important to select excellent Aralia chinensis provenance and strengthen good breeding research. Therefore, it is necessary to study the morphological differences of Aralia chinensis seeds, select excellent seeds and provide alternative provenances for Aralia chinensis planting. The seeds of Aralia chinensis from Kangding, Luding, Ganzhou red Aralia chinensis, Ganzhou black Aralia chinensis and Harbin provenances were used as research objects, and the index of seed appearance, 1000-seed weight, seed purity, seed empty seed rate and seed viability of different provenances were determined. There were significant differences in seed size, 1000-seed weight, seed purity, empty seed rate and seed viability among different provenances (P < 0.05). The maximum seed length was C4, 3.45mm, the minimum was C5, 1.92mm, and the maximum coefficient of variation was C1, 13.21%, and the minimum was C4, 5.72%. The maximum width was C4, 2.29mm, the minimum was C3, 1.37mm, and the maximum width variation coefficient was C3, 11.67%, the minimum was C4, 6.15%. The maximum seed thickness was C2 (1.05mm), the minimum was C4 (0.56mm), and the maximum seed thickness variation coefficient was C5 (12.71%), the minimum was C2 (8.65%). The 1000-seed weight ranged from 1.01 to 2.87g, among which C4 seeds had the largest 1000-seed weight (2.87g) and C5 seeds had the smallest 1000-seed weight (1.01g). The purity of seeds ranged from 82.33 to 100%, among which the purity of C3, C4 and C5 seeds commercially sold in the market reached 100%, while the purity of C1 seeds was the smallest with a value of 82.33%. The seed empty rate of C4 was the smallest (5.33%), and the highest was C2 (34.33%). The seed viability ranged from 53.33% to 94.00%, among which C3 seeds had the highest viability (94%) and C2 seeds had the lowest viability (53.33%). Based on the comprehensive analysis, the seed traits of the same species from different geographical locations were quite different. Jiangxi black Aralia chinensis showed good characteristics in the overall index measurement. After comparison, it was found that there were obvious differences in appearance between the local seeds and other seeds (P < 0.05), and the plumpness and 1000-seed weight of seeds were also higher than those of other provenances.
2022, 43(6): 109-115.
doi: 10.12172/202203050001
Abstract:
Trees are not only an indispensable part of the ecological environment, but also the main factors that undertake the cooling and humidification effect in urban green space. Microclimate is the most closely related to human beings, and it is also the easiest to adjust by artificial means. In this paper, the CiteSpace software was used to carry out knowledge graph visualization analysis of relevant literature on the relationship between trees and microclimate from 1990 to 2020. The conclusions were summarized as follows:（1）The international research trend on the relationship between trees and microclimate was on the rise, and it showed the trend of refined thematic research;（2）In terms of research strength, the United States and China had made great contributions to this research field. Although China started late, the number of published articles and the influence of literature were also increasing year by year, which was an important force in this research field. The United States occupied an important position in the number of articles and institutions. The research started early, and it was in a leading position in the study of the relationship between trees and microclimate. There were many exchanges and cooperation among the authors, and their research topics were different, forming an obvious cooperative group. These research forces laid a theoretical foundation for the study of the relationship between trees and microclimate.（3）The research on the relationship between trees and microclimate experienced three development stages: slow development stage, exploration stage and high growth stage. The research hotspots in each stage were different, and the current research hotspots mainly focused on urban human settlements environment.（4）The development focus was different at home and abroad. Foreign research object tended to be macro ecology, and the communication between research institutions was closer. Domestic research objects tended to focus on micro-urban environment, with concentrated research institutions but few contacts. It is the development trend of future research to strengthen international academic exchanges and inter-disciplinary exchanges.
Trees are not only an indispensable part of the ecological environment, but also the main factors that undertake the cooling and humidification effect in urban green space. Microclimate is the most closely related to human beings, and it is also the easiest to adjust by artificial means. In this paper, the CiteSpace software was used to carry out knowledge graph visualization analysis of relevant literature on the relationship between trees and microclimate from 1990 to 2020. The conclusions were summarized as follows:（1）The international research trend on the relationship between trees and microclimate was on the rise, and it showed the trend of refined thematic research;（2）In terms of research strength, the United States and China had made great contributions to this research field. Although China started late, the number of published articles and the influence of literature were also increasing year by year, which was an important force in this research field. The United States occupied an important position in the number of articles and institutions. The research started early, and it was in a leading position in the study of the relationship between trees and microclimate. There were many exchanges and cooperation among the authors, and their research topics were different, forming an obvious cooperative group. These research forces laid a theoretical foundation for the study of the relationship between trees and microclimate.（3）The research on the relationship between trees and microclimate experienced three development stages: slow development stage, exploration stage and high growth stage. The research hotspots in each stage were different, and the current research hotspots mainly focused on urban human settlements environment.（4）The development focus was different at home and abroad. Foreign research object tended to be macro ecology, and the communication between research institutions was closer. Domestic research objects tended to focus on micro-urban environment, with concentrated research institutions but few contacts. It is the development trend of future research to strengthen international academic exchanges and inter-disciplinary exchanges.
2022, 43(6): 116-121.
doi: 10.12172/202201110002
Abstract:
Birds, as an important component of urban biodiversity and an indicator species for the health of urban ecosystems, are critical for improving urban human well-being. With the rapid development of urbanization, the bird habitats were destroyed and the number of birds were decreased, which even threatened the sustainable development of human society. Urban parks become the last shelter for urban birds. Therefore, the research on the impact of plant communities in urban parks on bird diversity is the key issue in current research on biodiversity conservation. This study reviewed the impact of park plant communities on bird diversity from five aspects: vegetation patch area, plant community type, plant community composition, plant community structure and vegetation coverage, in order to provide reference for future research on the influence of park plant communities on bird diversity, and provide specific measures and new ideas for the future urban construction of park vegetation construction based on bird attraction and bird protection.
Birds, as an important component of urban biodiversity and an indicator species for the health of urban ecosystems, are critical for improving urban human well-being. With the rapid development of urbanization, the bird habitats were destroyed and the number of birds were decreased, which even threatened the sustainable development of human society. Urban parks become the last shelter for urban birds. Therefore, the research on the impact of plant communities in urban parks on bird diversity is the key issue in current research on biodiversity conservation. This study reviewed the impact of park plant communities on bird diversity from five aspects: vegetation patch area, plant community type, plant community composition, plant community structure and vegetation coverage, in order to provide reference for future research on the influence of park plant communities on bird diversity, and provide specific measures and new ideas for the future urban construction of park vegetation construction based on bird attraction and bird protection.
2022, 43(6): 122-128.
doi: 10.12172/202112290001
Abstract:
Four stag beetle species: Lucanus nangsarae Nangai, Lucanus vitalisi Pouillaude, Dorcus rubrolateris Nangai, and Odontolabis pareoxa Bomans & Ratti （Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae） were newly recorded from Yunnan province, Southwest China. The morphological characteristics of the four species were re-described, the geographical locations of the four species were listed, and the four species were compared with related species. Colored plated for salient feature of each species were illustrated.
Four stag beetle species: Lucanus nangsarae Nangai, Lucanus vitalisi Pouillaude, Dorcus rubrolateris Nangai, and Odontolabis pareoxa Bomans & Ratti （Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae） were newly recorded from Yunnan province, Southwest China. The morphological characteristics of the four species were re-described, the geographical locations of the four species were listed, and the four species were compared with related species. Colored plated for salient feature of each species were illustrated.
2022, 43(6): 129-130.
doi: 10.12172/202205070002
Abstract:
In this paper, a new record species of Santalaceae plants, Arceuthobium tibetense H. S. Kiu et W. Ren, was reported in Xiangcheng county, Sichuan province. This new discovery not only enriched the diversity of Santalaceae plants in Sichuan province, but also had certain guiding significance in the study of the origin, spread and protection of related groups.
In this paper, a new record species of Santalaceae plants, Arceuthobium tibetense H. S. Kiu et W. Ren, was reported in Xiangcheng county, Sichuan province. This new discovery not only enriched the diversity of Santalaceae plants in Sichuan province, but also had certain guiding significance in the study of the origin, spread and protection of related groups.
2022, 43(6): 131-134.
doi: 10.12172/202201250002
Abstract:
Based on field investigation, specimen and molecular identification, a new distribution record species of Orchidaceae in Sichuan province, namely, Gastrochilus sinensis Z. H. Tsi, was reported. In this paper, the detailed morphological description, color characteristics photos, molecular results, and the geographical distribution in China were provided. The voucher specimens were preserved in the Herbarium of Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CDBI）. This finding further enriched the plant diversity in Sichuan province.
Based on field investigation, specimen and molecular identification, a new distribution record species of Orchidaceae in Sichuan province, namely, Gastrochilus sinensis Z. H. Tsi, was reported. In this paper, the detailed morphological description, color characteristics photos, molecular results, and the geographical distribution in China were provided. The voucher specimens were preserved in the Herbarium of Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CDBI）. This finding further enriched the plant diversity in Sichuan province.
