2022 Vol. 43 Issue 4
2022 Vol. 43, No. 4 Catalogue
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2022, 43(4): 1-7.
doi: 10.12172/202111170002
Abstract:
Human activities exert a significant impact on the global atmospheric circulation pattern, resulting in the increasing amplitude, frequency and duration of extreme drought events, which have more negative impacts on grassland ecosystem. In this study, we conducted a four-year extreme drought experiment to investigate the responses of plant community traits to extreme drought as well their consequences on ecosystem functions in a meadow grassland, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that experimental extreme drought exerted no significant effect on plant community traits, which indicated that plant are insensitive to extreme drought and plant community adopted tolerance/conservative strategy under water stress conditions. The relationships between plant community trait diversity and aboveground net primary productivity were not observed under extreme drought conditions, which was inconsistent with the diversity hypothesis. On the other hand, aboveground net primary productivity was mediated by the community-weighted trait means under extreme drought conditions. Specifically, aboveground net primary productivity was positively correlated with community-weighted plant height and negatively correlated with community-weighted leaf carbon concentrations. These results highlighted the great effects of dominated species on ecosystem functions, being in line with mass ratio hypothesis. Overall, these results are of great significance for revealing the processes and mechanisms underlying the functional responses of grassland communities to extreme drought, providing a scientific basis for vegetation protection and management in grassland ecosystem.
Human activities exert a significant impact on the global atmospheric circulation pattern, resulting in the increasing amplitude, frequency and duration of extreme drought events, which have more negative impacts on grassland ecosystem. In this study, we conducted a four-year extreme drought experiment to investigate the responses of plant community traits to extreme drought as well their consequences on ecosystem functions in a meadow grassland, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that experimental extreme drought exerted no significant effect on plant community traits, which indicated that plant are insensitive to extreme drought and plant community adopted tolerance/conservative strategy under water stress conditions. The relationships between plant community trait diversity and aboveground net primary productivity were not observed under extreme drought conditions, which was inconsistent with the diversity hypothesis. On the other hand, aboveground net primary productivity was mediated by the community-weighted trait means under extreme drought conditions. Specifically, aboveground net primary productivity was positively correlated with community-weighted plant height and negatively correlated with community-weighted leaf carbon concentrations. These results highlighted the great effects of dominated species on ecosystem functions, being in line with mass ratio hypothesis. Overall, these results are of great significance for revealing the processes and mechanisms underlying the functional responses of grassland communities to extreme drought, providing a scientific basis for vegetation protection and management in grassland ecosystem.
2022, 43(4): 8-16.
doi: 10.12172/202110120003
Abstract:
Ecological environment is the basis of a region's survival and development, and the monitoring of ecological quality in Xiong’an New Area will be an important content related to regional development. In this research, based on Landsat8/OLI images in 2013 and 2019, combined with humidity, dryness, heat, greenness and other indicators, through the spatial principal component analysis （PCA） method, the main information of the four indicators was concentrated on a small number of principal components, thus constructing RSEI comprehensive index. By means of remote sensing technology, the changes of ecological quality and reasons of this change before and after the establishment of Xiong’an New Area were analyzed from the perspective of space and time. In addition, the relationship between different land use types and the RSEI index were discussed quantitatively. The results showed that: （1） Greenness and humidity had positive effects on ecological quality, while dryness and heat were opposite, among which dryness had the greatest influence. （2） From 2013 to 2019, the overall ecological quality of Xiong’an New Area showed a downward trend. （3） According to the statistics of regional changes, the area with relatively great change degree of ecological quality was about 10% of the total area, which indicated that the change degree of the overall ecological quality was not high. （4） The values of RSEI index of different land use types showed aggregation distribution. Bare land and construction land were distributed in low-value area, while water and vegetation were distributed in high-value area. In summary, After the establishment of, the ecological quality of Xiong’an New Area has been declining in the past two years. In the future planning and construction, we should strengthen the protection of ecological environment and build a scientific and reasonable spatial layout to support the sustainable economic development of Xiong’an New Area and build a green and intelligent new city.
Ecological environment is the basis of a region's survival and development, and the monitoring of ecological quality in Xiong’an New Area will be an important content related to regional development. In this research, based on Landsat8/OLI images in 2013 and 2019, combined with humidity, dryness, heat, greenness and other indicators, through the spatial principal component analysis （PCA） method, the main information of the four indicators was concentrated on a small number of principal components, thus constructing RSEI comprehensive index. By means of remote sensing technology, the changes of ecological quality and reasons of this change before and after the establishment of Xiong’an New Area were analyzed from the perspective of space and time. In addition, the relationship between different land use types and the RSEI index were discussed quantitatively. The results showed that: （1） Greenness and humidity had positive effects on ecological quality, while dryness and heat were opposite, among which dryness had the greatest influence. （2） From 2013 to 2019, the overall ecological quality of Xiong’an New Area showed a downward trend. （3） According to the statistics of regional changes, the area with relatively great change degree of ecological quality was about 10% of the total area, which indicated that the change degree of the overall ecological quality was not high. （4） The values of RSEI index of different land use types showed aggregation distribution. Bare land and construction land were distributed in low-value area, while water and vegetation were distributed in high-value area. In summary, After the establishment of, the ecological quality of Xiong’an New Area has been declining in the past two years. In the future planning and construction, we should strengthen the protection of ecological environment and build a scientific and reasonable spatial layout to support the sustainable economic development of Xiong’an New Area and build a green and intelligent new city.
2022, 43(4): 17-23.
doi: 10.12172/202204080003
Abstract:
Ecological corridor can improve the landscape connectivity between source areas, which is of great significance to enhance the quality and stability of ecosystem. Taking Tianfu New District in Chengdu as the research area, according to the morphological spatial pattern analysis and landscape connectivity analysis, patches with important ecological functions were selected as the ecological source, the potential ecological corridors were constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the gravity model was introduced to evaluate the importance of the ecological corridor. The results showed that: 1） MSPA analysis revealed that the core landscape types accounted for the largest proportion of all landscape types, up to 58.74%; 2） A total of 14 ecological source patches had been identified, which were mainly distributed in the Longquan Mountain areas in the east and the water conservation areas in the middle. The patches in the source areas that need important protection were No.10 and No. 12-14; 3） A total of 91 ecological corridors with a total length of 776.19 km and an area of 116.22 km2 were constructed, and the minimum cost consumed by species migration among multiple patches was quantitatively analyzed. 4） The gravity model was used to analyze the importance of the ecological corridor between the source areas, and the results showed that the interaction value between No.6 and No.7 source areas were the highest, and the ecological corridor between the two areas should be mainly protected, with woodland accounting for the highest proportion among the ecological corridors, indicating that the overall stability of the ecological corridor was good.
Ecological corridor can improve the landscape connectivity between source areas, which is of great significance to enhance the quality and stability of ecosystem. Taking Tianfu New District in Chengdu as the research area, according to the morphological spatial pattern analysis and landscape connectivity analysis, patches with important ecological functions were selected as the ecological source, the potential ecological corridors were constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the gravity model was introduced to evaluate the importance of the ecological corridor. The results showed that: 1） MSPA analysis revealed that the core landscape types accounted for the largest proportion of all landscape types, up to 58.74%; 2） A total of 14 ecological source patches had been identified, which were mainly distributed in the Longquan Mountain areas in the east and the water conservation areas in the middle. The patches in the source areas that need important protection were No.10 and No. 12-14; 3） A total of 91 ecological corridors with a total length of 776.19 km and an area of 116.22 km2 were constructed, and the minimum cost consumed by species migration among multiple patches was quantitatively analyzed. 4） The gravity model was used to analyze the importance of the ecological corridor between the source areas, and the results showed that the interaction value between No.6 and No.7 source areas were the highest, and the ecological corridor between the two areas should be mainly protected, with woodland accounting for the highest proportion among the ecological corridors, indicating that the overall stability of the ecological corridor was good.
2022, 43(4): 24-30.
doi: 10.12172/202109060001
Abstract:
Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve in Sichuan is the core channel for the communication of giant pandas in Liangshan Mountains, where there are 23 giant pandas in this area, so it is particularly important to find out the relationship between bamboo resources and giant panda activities in this area. In order to find out the species, distribution and area of wild bamboo species in this area, and the relationship between bamboo species and giant pandas activities region, the field investigation was carried out by the method of sample line and sample square. Based on the movement track of giant pandas, the bamboo species that giant pandas like to eat were investigated. The results showed that giant pandas in this reserve liked to eat Yushania ailuropodina, Yushania brevipaniculata, Yushania dafengdingensis, Yushania mabianensis and Arundinaria faberi, didn’t like Chimonobambusa szechuanensis. There was no trace of activitis in the C. szechuanensis area. The area where pandas like to eat bamboo is up to 43823 hm2, however, only 14557 hm2 was utilized by giant pandas at present. Since 2018, giant pandas had moved westward in this nature reserve, resulting in a reduction of bamboo utilization area of 5120 hm2. All kinds of bamboo species that giant pandas like to eat were distributed at the altitude of 2246~3616 m where giant pandas lived. Giant pandas may move out of the area before the expansion of the nature reserve because of low bamboo shoot rate and high bamboo forest coverage. Meanwhile, slope gradient, landform and slope aspect may also be the factors for giant pandas to move out of this area.
Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve in Sichuan is the core channel for the communication of giant pandas in Liangshan Mountains, where there are 23 giant pandas in this area, so it is particularly important to find out the relationship between bamboo resources and giant panda activities in this area. In order to find out the species, distribution and area of wild bamboo species in this area, and the relationship between bamboo species and giant pandas activities region, the field investigation was carried out by the method of sample line and sample square. Based on the movement track of giant pandas, the bamboo species that giant pandas like to eat were investigated. The results showed that giant pandas in this reserve liked to eat Yushania ailuropodina, Yushania brevipaniculata, Yushania dafengdingensis, Yushania mabianensis and Arundinaria faberi, didn’t like Chimonobambusa szechuanensis. There was no trace of activitis in the C. szechuanensis area. The area where pandas like to eat bamboo is up to 43823 hm2, however, only 14557 hm2 was utilized by giant pandas at present. Since 2018, giant pandas had moved westward in this nature reserve, resulting in a reduction of bamboo utilization area of 5120 hm2. All kinds of bamboo species that giant pandas like to eat were distributed at the altitude of 2246~3616 m where giant pandas lived. Giant pandas may move out of the area before the expansion of the nature reserve because of low bamboo shoot rate and high bamboo forest coverage. Meanwhile, slope gradient, landform and slope aspect may also be the factors for giant pandas to move out of this area.
2022, 43(4): 31-37.
doi: 10.12172/202204110003
Abstract:
Landscape change is a complex dynamic process of mutual interference and interaction between human socio-economic activities and regional environment. With the development of economy and society and the continuous enhancement of human activities, the evolution of natural ecological environment is becoming more and more intense. This study analyzes and evaluates the temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern in Chengdu and the impact of landscape pattern change on ecological environment quality, in order to promote the harmony between man and nature, maintain the stability of urban ecosystem, optimize land spatial pattern and provide scientific basis for park city construction. Based on the historical remote sensing data of Chengdu from 2000 to 2020, using remote sensing, GIS technology and FRAGSTATS software, this paper systematically analyzes the land use / cover types in the study area, and quantitatively studies the changes of landscape pattern and its ecological effects in Chengdu. （1） In the past 20 years, the land use structure of Chengdu has changed significantly. The land use pattern dominated by agricultural land has gradually changed to the situation dominated by cultivated land, forest land and man-made surface, accounting for about 94.71% of the total area of the study area, becoming the leading land use / surface cover type of Chengdu. And, man-made surface has the fastest growth rate, with a single dynamic degree of 44.58%, followed by water and forest land; The slowest growth rate is grassland and wetland. （2） In the past 20 years, the spatial change area of land use in Chengdu has reached 237303.17hm2, accounting for 16.56% of the total area of the study area, showing the characteristics of a large number of transfer out of cultivated land, grassland and forest land and a large number of transfer in of man-made surface and forest land. （3） The landscape type of the study area is mainly cultivated land, and the man-made surface landscape type is the landscape type with the greatest change in the past 20 years, forming a large agglomeration patch and expanding year by year. The degree of human disturbance to the overall landscape pattern has increased year by year, the diversity and heterogeneity of landscape have increased, the dominant landscape has weakened, and the landscape components tend to develop more evenly. In the future, with the transformation of economic and industrial structure, the enhancement of ecological and environmental protection awareness and the construction of Park City, the influence of human factors on landscape pattern will gradually increase in a short time scale.
Landscape change is a complex dynamic process of mutual interference and interaction between human socio-economic activities and regional environment. With the development of economy and society and the continuous enhancement of human activities, the evolution of natural ecological environment is becoming more and more intense. This study analyzes and evaluates the temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern in Chengdu and the impact of landscape pattern change on ecological environment quality, in order to promote the harmony between man and nature, maintain the stability of urban ecosystem, optimize land spatial pattern and provide scientific basis for park city construction. Based on the historical remote sensing data of Chengdu from 2000 to 2020, using remote sensing, GIS technology and FRAGSTATS software, this paper systematically analyzes the land use / cover types in the study area, and quantitatively studies the changes of landscape pattern and its ecological effects in Chengdu. （1） In the past 20 years, the land use structure of Chengdu has changed significantly. The land use pattern dominated by agricultural land has gradually changed to the situation dominated by cultivated land, forest land and man-made surface, accounting for about 94.71% of the total area of the study area, becoming the leading land use / surface cover type of Chengdu. And, man-made surface has the fastest growth rate, with a single dynamic degree of 44.58%, followed by water and forest land; The slowest growth rate is grassland and wetland. （2） In the past 20 years, the spatial change area of land use in Chengdu has reached 237303.17hm2, accounting for 16.56% of the total area of the study area, showing the characteristics of a large number of transfer out of cultivated land, grassland and forest land and a large number of transfer in of man-made surface and forest land. （3） The landscape type of the study area is mainly cultivated land, and the man-made surface landscape type is the landscape type with the greatest change in the past 20 years, forming a large agglomeration patch and expanding year by year. The degree of human disturbance to the overall landscape pattern has increased year by year, the diversity and heterogeneity of landscape have increased, the dominant landscape has weakened, and the landscape components tend to develop more evenly. In the future, with the transformation of economic and industrial structure, the enhancement of ecological and environmental protection awareness and the construction of Park City, the influence of human factors on landscape pattern will gradually increase in a short time scale.
2022, 43(4): 76-82.
doi: 10.12172/202110110001
Abstract:
The effects of different levels of factors on ISSR-PCR reaction results of Anoectochilus omeiensis were discussed by orthogonal design with 5 factors and 4 levels, and a stable and reproducible ISSR-PCR reaction system of Anoectochilus omeiensis was established. That is, the 25 μL system contained 40ng DNA template, 0.4μmol/L primer, 0.4 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.8 U Taq DNA polymerse, 2 mmol/L Mg2+, and 2.0 μL 10×Buffer μL in 25 μL reaction volume. At the same time, in order to determine the optimum Tm （annealing temperature）, gradient PCR test was carried out, and finally ISSR-PCR experimental reaction system suitable for Anoectochilus omeiensis was optimized and established.
The effects of different levels of factors on ISSR-PCR reaction results of Anoectochilus omeiensis were discussed by orthogonal design with 5 factors and 4 levels, and a stable and reproducible ISSR-PCR reaction system of Anoectochilus omeiensis was established. That is, the 25 μL system contained 40ng DNA template, 0.4μmol/L primer, 0.4 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.8 U Taq DNA polymerse, 2 mmol/L Mg2+, and 2.0 μL 10×Buffer μL in 25 μL reaction volume. At the same time, in order to determine the optimum Tm （annealing temperature）, gradient PCR test was carried out, and finally ISSR-PCR experimental reaction system suitable for Anoectochilus omeiensis was optimized and established.
2022, 43(4): 83-89.
doi: 10.12172/202110090002
Abstract:
The magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase （ChlM） is one of the key rate-limiting enzymes in chlorophyll synthesis and development of chloroplasts, which plays an important role in plant growth and development. To better understand the role of ChlM in Cymbidium goeringii, ChlM gene was cloned from the tissue culture seedling of Cymbidium goeringii ‘Song Mei’. The full-length open reading frame of ClChlM1 was 945 bp and encoded 314 amino acids. The sequence alignment showed that ClChlM1 contained an Mg-por_mtran_C domain, and subcellular location analysis indicated ClChlM1 was located in chloroplast. Furthermore, the overexpression of ClChlM1 in tobacco leaves could significantly increase the content of chlorophyll and ALA compared with wild type tobacco leaves. In addition, the leaf area of overexpressed tobacco was larger than that of wild type. In the over-expressed transgenic lines, the gene expression of glutamate -1- semialdehyde 2,1- aminomutase （Gsa）, chlorophyll a/b binding protein （LHCB）, magnesium chelatase CHLI and magnesium chelatase CHLH were up-regulated.
The magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase （ChlM） is one of the key rate-limiting enzymes in chlorophyll synthesis and development of chloroplasts, which plays an important role in plant growth and development. To better understand the role of ChlM in Cymbidium goeringii, ChlM gene was cloned from the tissue culture seedling of Cymbidium goeringii ‘Song Mei’. The full-length open reading frame of ClChlM1 was 945 bp and encoded 314 amino acids. The sequence alignment showed that ClChlM1 contained an Mg-por_mtran_C domain, and subcellular location analysis indicated ClChlM1 was located in chloroplast. Furthermore, the overexpression of ClChlM1 in tobacco leaves could significantly increase the content of chlorophyll and ALA compared with wild type tobacco leaves. In addition, the leaf area of overexpressed tobacco was larger than that of wild type. In the over-expressed transgenic lines, the gene expression of glutamate -1- semialdehyde 2,1- aminomutase （Gsa）, chlorophyll a/b binding protein （LHCB）, magnesium chelatase CHLI and magnesium chelatase CHLH were up-regulated.
2022, 43(4): 38-44.
doi: 10.12172/202107280003
Abstract:
Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the data of land use types, vegetation types and regional resource characteristics in the middle and high mountain region of Minshan Mountain, where the pilot area of Sichuan Giant Panda National Park is located, were spatially superimposed and analyzed. By consulting relevant information and literature, and with the help of landscape index of landscape pattern and landscape type, the national representativeness and ecosystem integrity of regional resources were studied. Based on the study of the area of human disturbance and the proportion of state-owned land, the authenticity of regional ecosystem and the feasibility of national park management were studied. The results showed that the countries in this region were highly representative, the integrity and authenticity of the ecosystem were high, and the area of state-owned land and protected land was close to 80%, and it is feasible to build the national park. However, there are a large number of landscape patches the study area, and the main habitat type of giant pandas was subalpine evergreen coniferous forest, with a low average patch area. Farming activities were the most important human disturbance activities in the region.
Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the data of land use types, vegetation types and regional resource characteristics in the middle and high mountain region of Minshan Mountain, where the pilot area of Sichuan Giant Panda National Park is located, were spatially superimposed and analyzed. By consulting relevant information and literature, and with the help of landscape index of landscape pattern and landscape type, the national representativeness and ecosystem integrity of regional resources were studied. Based on the study of the area of human disturbance and the proportion of state-owned land, the authenticity of regional ecosystem and the feasibility of national park management were studied. The results showed that the countries in this region were highly representative, the integrity and authenticity of the ecosystem were high, and the area of state-owned land and protected land was close to 80%, and it is feasible to build the national park. However, there are a large number of landscape patches the study area, and the main habitat type of giant pandas was subalpine evergreen coniferous forest, with a low average patch area. Farming activities were the most important human disturbance activities in the region.
2022, 43(4): 45-59.
doi: 10.12172/202109280001
Abstract:
From October 2020 to June 2021, bird diversity was investigated by the method of sample line, sample point and infrared camera technology in Xionglongxi Provincial Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Based on field investigation and 2008 scientific review report, a total of 187 birds （145 species obtained in the field） belonging to 46 families and 15 orders were recorded in the reserve. In which, there were 116 resident birds （62.03%）, 42 summer migratory birds （22.46%）, 19 winter migratory birds （10.16%） and 10 migratory birds （5.35%）. Fauna analysis indicated that, among the breeding birds, 87 were from Palearctic Realm （46.52%）, 80 were from Oriental Realm （42.78%） and 20 were widespread species （10.70%）. Of all the 187 bird species, there were 7 class I and 30 class II national key protected birds, and 6 Sichuan provincial key protected species. Eight of them were listed in the IUCN Red List with 2 Endangered, 1 Vulnerable and 5 Near Threatened. 3 species were listed on CITES Appendix Ⅰ and 12 species were listed on CITES Appendix Ⅱ. Moreover, 13 species were found to be endemic in China. The results showed that the species richness of alpine shrub meadows was the highest, the Shannon-Wiener index of broad-leaved forest was the highest, while the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the screes were the lowest. Except for alpine screes habitat, the similarity of the other five habitats was high （IsJ=0.234~0.352）, among which the similarity between water area and coniferous forest was the highest （IsJ=0.352）. In different seasons, the number of birds species, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index in breeding season were higher than those in non-breeding season. The vertical distribution pattern of bird species number and community diversity index showed a mid-altitude peak pattern in different seasons, and the highest peak was concentrated at 3650-3850m. On the whole, the nature reserve is rich in bird diversity, especially in rare, endangered and endemic birds, which is important for ecological protection and scientific research management. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of rare bird species, strengthen the protection of water areas and other habitats, and strengthen the publicity, education and law enforcement of birds protection.
From October 2020 to June 2021, bird diversity was investigated by the method of sample line, sample point and infrared camera technology in Xionglongxi Provincial Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Based on field investigation and 2008 scientific review report, a total of 187 birds （145 species obtained in the field） belonging to 46 families and 15 orders were recorded in the reserve. In which, there were 116 resident birds （62.03%）, 42 summer migratory birds （22.46%）, 19 winter migratory birds （10.16%） and 10 migratory birds （5.35%）. Fauna analysis indicated that, among the breeding birds, 87 were from Palearctic Realm （46.52%）, 80 were from Oriental Realm （42.78%） and 20 were widespread species （10.70%）. Of all the 187 bird species, there were 7 class I and 30 class II national key protected birds, and 6 Sichuan provincial key protected species. Eight of them were listed in the IUCN Red List with 2 Endangered, 1 Vulnerable and 5 Near Threatened. 3 species were listed on CITES Appendix Ⅰ and 12 species were listed on CITES Appendix Ⅱ. Moreover, 13 species were found to be endemic in China. The results showed that the species richness of alpine shrub meadows was the highest, the Shannon-Wiener index of broad-leaved forest was the highest, while the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the screes were the lowest. Except for alpine screes habitat, the similarity of the other five habitats was high （IsJ=0.234~0.352）, among which the similarity between water area and coniferous forest was the highest （IsJ=0.352）. In different seasons, the number of birds species, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index in breeding season were higher than those in non-breeding season. The vertical distribution pattern of bird species number and community diversity index showed a mid-altitude peak pattern in different seasons, and the highest peak was concentrated at 3650-3850m. On the whole, the nature reserve is rich in bird diversity, especially in rare, endangered and endemic birds, which is important for ecological protection and scientific research management. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of rare bird species, strengthen the protection of water areas and other habitats, and strengthen the publicity, education and law enforcement of birds protection.
2022, 43(4): 60-66.
doi: 10.12172/202204070002
Abstract:
In order to make better use of the climate resources in Nanchong city, forecast the future climate change trend in Nanchong city, and promote the production and life in the region. Based on the ground meteorological observation data of Nanchong city from 1970—2019, three climate elements: temperature, precipitation and sunshine, were selected. By using the linear regression method and R/S analysis method, the characteristics of inter-annual and four-season climate change in Nanchong city over the past 50 years were analyzed, and the future inter-annual and four-season climate change trends in Nanchong city were predicted. The results showed that, from 1970—2019, the annual average temperature and the four-season average temperature showed an overall upward trend; the annual, summer and autumn sunshine hours showed an downward trend, and the spring and winter sunshine hours showed an upward trend; precipitation showed an downward trend in autumn, and the rest showed an upward trend. In the future, the annual average temperature and four-season average temperature in Nanchong city will show a downward trend; the sunshine hours in Nanchong city for the annual, spring, autumn and winter will show a downward trend, and the sunshine hours in summer will show an upward trend; the annual, spring, autumn and winter precipitation will show a downward trend, and the summer precipitation will show a upward trend.
In order to make better use of the climate resources in Nanchong city, forecast the future climate change trend in Nanchong city, and promote the production and life in the region. Based on the ground meteorological observation data of Nanchong city from 1970—2019, three climate elements: temperature, precipitation and sunshine, were selected. By using the linear regression method and R/S analysis method, the characteristics of inter-annual and four-season climate change in Nanchong city over the past 50 years were analyzed, and the future inter-annual and four-season climate change trends in Nanchong city were predicted. The results showed that, from 1970—2019, the annual average temperature and the four-season average temperature showed an overall upward trend; the annual, summer and autumn sunshine hours showed an downward trend, and the spring and winter sunshine hours showed an upward trend; precipitation showed an downward trend in autumn, and the rest showed an upward trend. In the future, the annual average temperature and four-season average temperature in Nanchong city will show a downward trend; the sunshine hours in Nanchong city for the annual, spring, autumn and winter will show a downward trend, and the sunshine hours in summer will show an upward trend; the annual, spring, autumn and winter precipitation will show a downward trend, and the summer precipitation will show a upward trend.
2022, 43(4): 67-75.
doi: 10.12172/202111180001
Abstract:
Ants are important in the ecosystem, and their species diversity can indicate the changes of the environment. In order to understand the diversity of ants in plantations and the influence of different sampling periods on the diversity survey results, the ants in plantations in Gucheng campus of Dali University were collected by the Pitfall-trap method from September 2017 to August 2018. The diversity of ants in plantations was analyzed, and the dynamic changes of annual cycle and the changes of ants’ diversity in different months were analyzed. A total of 7692 ants were collected, belonging to 4 subfamilies, 17 genera and 31 species （including 5 undetermined species）, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was H=2.153 ± 0.413, which was different from the results of ants in Cangshan area. In each month, the number of ants’ species and individuals in plantations showed a single-peak seasonal dynamic pattern, which first increased and then decreased. In June and July, the abundance and diversity of ants were higher than those in other months, so it was suggested to monitor the diversity of ants in this period in the future. In this study, it was found that the plantations in the campus has good protection for the ants’ diversity in the region, and the future monitoring of ants’ diversity can be carried out in the months with higher diversity to increase the representativeness of sampling and the comparability of different regions.
Ants are important in the ecosystem, and their species diversity can indicate the changes of the environment. In order to understand the diversity of ants in plantations and the influence of different sampling periods on the diversity survey results, the ants in plantations in Gucheng campus of Dali University were collected by the Pitfall-trap method from September 2017 to August 2018. The diversity of ants in plantations was analyzed, and the dynamic changes of annual cycle and the changes of ants’ diversity in different months were analyzed. A total of 7692 ants were collected, belonging to 4 subfamilies, 17 genera and 31 species （including 5 undetermined species）, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was H=2.153 ± 0.413, which was different from the results of ants in Cangshan area. In each month, the number of ants’ species and individuals in plantations showed a single-peak seasonal dynamic pattern, which first increased and then decreased. In June and July, the abundance and diversity of ants were higher than those in other months, so it was suggested to monitor the diversity of ants in this period in the future. In this study, it was found that the plantations in the campus has good protection for the ants’ diversity in the region, and the future monitoring of ants’ diversity can be carried out in the months with higher diversity to increase the representativeness of sampling and the comparability of different regions.
2022, 43(4): 90-97.
doi: 10.12172/202110170001
Abstract:
In order to understand the effects of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizer on seed germination, seedling survival rate, growth and biomass accumulation of Pinus yunnanensis, L9（34） orthogonal design was employed to carry out the experiment. The results showed that the mean germination rates （GR）, seedling survival rates （SSR） and seed seedling percentages （SSP） of treatment combinations （TCs） were 56.3%−84.7%, 62.6%−87.4% and 37.0%−74.0%, respectively, and there were significant or extremely significant differences among the treatment combinations （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. When the seedling age was 108d days, the ground diameter （BD）, seedling height （SH）, taproot length （TRL） and the number of first-class lateral root （NPLR） of the TCs were 0.75−0.97 mm, 4.5−5.9, 4.9−6.0 cm and 4.5−7.2 root/seedling, respectively. Meanwhile, the biomass of seedling root, stem, leaf and whole parts of the seedling were 0.006−0.010, 0.010−0.014, 0.052−0.079 and 0.069−0.103 g·seedling−1 of the TCs, respectively. Except for the TRL, there were significant differences of above mentioned paramerters between the TCs （P<0.01）. Urea was the dominant factor affecting seed germination, seedling survival and growth, and biomass accumulation. It was beneficial for the biomass accumulation, but had inhibitory effects on other parameters. During the seed germination of P. yunnanensis seedlings, urea and other nitrogen-containing fertilizers should be carefully applied to the substrate. Application of substrate calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride at 0.50 and 0.25 kgm−3 had the best seed GR, SSR, SSP and SH, which can be applied to the production practice of P. yunnanensis seedlings cultivation.
In order to understand the effects of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizer on seed germination, seedling survival rate, growth and biomass accumulation of Pinus yunnanensis, L9（34） orthogonal design was employed to carry out the experiment. The results showed that the mean germination rates （GR）, seedling survival rates （SSR） and seed seedling percentages （SSP） of treatment combinations （TCs） were 56.3%−84.7%, 62.6%−87.4% and 37.0%−74.0%, respectively, and there were significant or extremely significant differences among the treatment combinations （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. When the seedling age was 108d days, the ground diameter （BD）, seedling height （SH）, taproot length （TRL） and the number of first-class lateral root （NPLR） of the TCs were 0.75−0.97 mm, 4.5−5.9, 4.9−6.0 cm and 4.5−7.2 root/seedling, respectively. Meanwhile, the biomass of seedling root, stem, leaf and whole parts of the seedling were 0.006−0.010, 0.010−0.014, 0.052−0.079 and 0.069−0.103 g·seedling−1 of the TCs, respectively. Except for the TRL, there were significant differences of above mentioned paramerters between the TCs （P<0.01）. Urea was the dominant factor affecting seed germination, seedling survival and growth, and biomass accumulation. It was beneficial for the biomass accumulation, but had inhibitory effects on other parameters. During the seed germination of P. yunnanensis seedlings, urea and other nitrogen-containing fertilizers should be carefully applied to the substrate. Application of substrate calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride at 0.50 and 0.25 kgm−3 had the best seed GR, SSR, SSP and SH, which can be applied to the production practice of P. yunnanensis seedlings cultivation.
2022, 43(4): 98-102.
doi: 10.12172/202109260003
Abstract:
At present, there are many Memecylon ligustrifolium in the market to pretend to be Aquilaria sinensis, and it is necessary to compare the anatomical structure of the two woods to provide theoretical basis for timber identification. This paper uses wood anatomical methods to compare anatomical research on two wood macrostructure and microstructure. Results showed that, the weight, density and hardness of Aquilaria sinensis are obviously less than Memecylon ligustrifolium. the texture of Aquilaria sinensis is straight and Memecylon ligustrifolium is oblique. On the microstructure , Aquilaria sinensis Vessels in radial multiples and Vessel clusters common, and Memecylon ligustrifolium Vessels exclusively solitary; Aquilaria sinensis Rays exclusively uniseriate while Memecylon ligustrifolium have obvious larger rays. Combined with non-anatomical features, it can be effectively distinguished by these characteristic differences that Aquilaria sinensis and Memecylon ligustrifolium have.
At present, there are many Memecylon ligustrifolium in the market to pretend to be Aquilaria sinensis, and it is necessary to compare the anatomical structure of the two woods to provide theoretical basis for timber identification. This paper uses wood anatomical methods to compare anatomical research on two wood macrostructure and microstructure. Results showed that, the weight, density and hardness of Aquilaria sinensis are obviously less than Memecylon ligustrifolium. the texture of Aquilaria sinensis is straight and Memecylon ligustrifolium is oblique. On the microstructure , Aquilaria sinensis Vessels in radial multiples and Vessel clusters common, and Memecylon ligustrifolium Vessels exclusively solitary; Aquilaria sinensis Rays exclusively uniseriate while Memecylon ligustrifolium have obvious larger rays. Combined with non-anatomical features, it can be effectively distinguished by these characteristic differences that Aquilaria sinensis and Memecylon ligustrifolium have.
2022, 43(4): 103-108.
doi: 10.12172/202110030001
Abstract:
Density regulation plays a vital role in maintaining forest trees nutrient balance and improving forest land productivity. Five kinds of density regulation （CK: 100,000 culms hm−2, D1: 40,000 culms hm−2, D2: 50,000 culms hm−2, D3: 60,000 culms hm−2, and D4: 70,000 culms hm−2） were set in a pure forest of Chimonobambusa pachystachys in Gulin County, Sichuan Province. The Chimonobambusa pachystachys leaf nitrogen, phosphorus content, and bamboo shoot yield and their correlation were studied under five different densities. The results showed that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the leaves of Chimonobambusa pachystachys under all treatments was greater than 16, indicating that the growth of Chimonobambusa pachystachys was easily restricted by phosphorus. D1 and D2 treatments significantly reduced leaf nitrogen content, D3 and D4 treatments significantly increased leaf phosphorus content but significantly reduced leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio and alleviated the phosphorus limitation. D3 treatment significantly increased Chimonobambusa pachystachys bamboo shoot yield by 21.60%, and the bamboo shoot yield was 3690.05 kg hm−2 a−1. The yield of bamboo shoots was significantly positively correlated with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content, and was significantly negatively correlated with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus ratio. The results indicated that the growth of Chimonobambusa pachystachys in the study area was easily restricted by phosphorus, so it was appropriate to apply phosphorus fertilizer to bamboo forest. Density regulation significantly changed the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient characteristics in the leaves of Chimonobambusa pachystachys. When the density of standing bamboos in the study area was reserved at 60,000 hm−2, a higher bamboo shoot yield could be obtained.
Density regulation plays a vital role in maintaining forest trees nutrient balance and improving forest land productivity. Five kinds of density regulation （CK: 100,000 culms hm−2, D1: 40,000 culms hm−2, D2: 50,000 culms hm−2, D3: 60,000 culms hm−2, and D4: 70,000 culms hm−2） were set in a pure forest of Chimonobambusa pachystachys in Gulin County, Sichuan Province. The Chimonobambusa pachystachys leaf nitrogen, phosphorus content, and bamboo shoot yield and their correlation were studied under five different densities. The results showed that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the leaves of Chimonobambusa pachystachys under all treatments was greater than 16, indicating that the growth of Chimonobambusa pachystachys was easily restricted by phosphorus. D1 and D2 treatments significantly reduced leaf nitrogen content, D3 and D4 treatments significantly increased leaf phosphorus content but significantly reduced leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio and alleviated the phosphorus limitation. D3 treatment significantly increased Chimonobambusa pachystachys bamboo shoot yield by 21.60%, and the bamboo shoot yield was 3690.05 kg hm−2 a−1. The yield of bamboo shoots was significantly positively correlated with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content, and was significantly negatively correlated with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus ratio. The results indicated that the growth of Chimonobambusa pachystachys in the study area was easily restricted by phosphorus, so it was appropriate to apply phosphorus fertilizer to bamboo forest. Density regulation significantly changed the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient characteristics in the leaves of Chimonobambusa pachystachys. When the density of standing bamboos in the study area was reserved at 60,000 hm−2, a higher bamboo shoot yield could be obtained.
2022, 43(4): 109-116.
doi: 10.12172/202111090002
Abstract:
In order to explore the differences between tourist perception and official projected image in scenic spots and the reasons, Qianfoshan scenic spot in Ji’nan was used as the research object, the high-frequency vocabulary in its official website and tourist comment content was screened separately and dimensioned using ROST CM software, and then the dimension and emotion analysis was compared and the word cloud map and semantic network diagram were drawn, in order to maked a comparative study on the projection and perception of tourism images in the study area. The results showed that there was a certain difference between the official projection of the scenic spot and the image perceived by tourists, and the most important element of the scenic spot and the tourist destination was tourism resources. Qianfoshan scenic area had a positive tourism image, and the two main elements that attracted tourists were the title of “Three Famous Places” and geographical advantages. On the basis of the research results, the following four suggestions are put forward: giving full play to the unique advantages of scenic spots, creating various activity places, strengthening multi-directional publicity, and establishing and improving the media supervision mechanism.
In order to explore the differences between tourist perception and official projected image in scenic spots and the reasons, Qianfoshan scenic spot in Ji’nan was used as the research object, the high-frequency vocabulary in its official website and tourist comment content was screened separately and dimensioned using ROST CM software, and then the dimension and emotion analysis was compared and the word cloud map and semantic network diagram were drawn, in order to maked a comparative study on the projection and perception of tourism images in the study area. The results showed that there was a certain difference between the official projection of the scenic spot and the image perceived by tourists, and the most important element of the scenic spot and the tourist destination was tourism resources. Qianfoshan scenic area had a positive tourism image, and the two main elements that attracted tourists were the title of “Three Famous Places” and geographical advantages. On the basis of the research results, the following four suggestions are put forward: giving full play to the unique advantages of scenic spots, creating various activity places, strengthening multi-directional publicity, and establishing and improving the media supervision mechanism.
2022, 43(4): 117-123.
doi: 10.12172/202108220001
Abstract:
In order to study the seed germination and seedling growth of Cyclobalanopsis gilva in different habitats, the annual growth rhythm of C. gilva in different habitats was continuously observed, and the logistic equation was used to fit the growth dynamic process of seedling height, and then the Logistic model was obtained to divide the growth period. The results showed that the germination time of the nursery field was May 27th, more than a month earlier than that in the wild, and the seedling emergence rate was also higher than that in the wild. In the wild mountainous land, the emergence and preservation rate of C. gilva seedlings in the mother forest was the highest; The annual average seedling height of C. gilva seedlings in the field was 29.1 cm, which was much higher than the average seedling height of the wild mountain seedlings. In different habitats, the measured data curves of C. gilva seedling height were basically consistent with the fitting curves, and the growth curve was a typical "S" shape. The correlation coefficients of the 6 habitats were all above 0.95, and the regression was extremely significant. The growth process of seedling height can be accurately divided into early growth stage, fast growth stage and late growth stage. In the future management of C. gilva seedlings, it is recommended to increase water and fertilizer management 40-60 days after sowing, and cover the sun-shading nets at noon to create suitable conditions to improve the survival rate of later transplanting.
In order to study the seed germination and seedling growth of Cyclobalanopsis gilva in different habitats, the annual growth rhythm of C. gilva in different habitats was continuously observed, and the logistic equation was used to fit the growth dynamic process of seedling height, and then the Logistic model was obtained to divide the growth period. The results showed that the germination time of the nursery field was May 27th, more than a month earlier than that in the wild, and the seedling emergence rate was also higher than that in the wild. In the wild mountainous land, the emergence and preservation rate of C. gilva seedlings in the mother forest was the highest; The annual average seedling height of C. gilva seedlings in the field was 29.1 cm, which was much higher than the average seedling height of the wild mountain seedlings. In different habitats, the measured data curves of C. gilva seedling height were basically consistent with the fitting curves, and the growth curve was a typical "S" shape. The correlation coefficients of the 6 habitats were all above 0.95, and the regression was extremely significant. The growth process of seedling height can be accurately divided into early growth stage, fast growth stage and late growth stage. In the future management of C. gilva seedlings, it is recommended to increase water and fertilizer management 40-60 days after sowing, and cover the sun-shading nets at noon to create suitable conditions to improve the survival rate of later transplanting.
2022, 43(4): 124-128.
doi: 10.12172/202109090001
Abstract:
Litsea pungens Hemsl. is a unique spice plant in South China. In order to better exploit Litsea pungens resources, the essential oil from the fruit of Litsea pungens （LPO） was extracted by steam distillation （SD） method, and the components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The antifungal effect of LPO on Colletotrichumz fructicola and Fusarium oxysporum was determined by inhibition zone method. The results showed that the yield of essential oil extracted by SD method was 1.6%, and 19 components were identified, accounting for 98.8% of the total essential oil. Among them, citral （30.10%）, limonene （29.20%）, linalool （6.45%） and eucalyptus （5.65%） were the monoterpenes and monoterpenes with the highest content. The antifungal activity of LPO against F. oxysporum was better than that of C. fructicola, and the inhibition rate of mycelium growth was 100% at 20 mg·mL−1. In conclusion, the LPO is rich in terpenoids, has good antifungal activity, and has the potential to be developed as a biological pesticide.
Litsea pungens Hemsl. is a unique spice plant in South China. In order to better exploit Litsea pungens resources, the essential oil from the fruit of Litsea pungens （LPO） was extracted by steam distillation （SD） method, and the components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The antifungal effect of LPO on Colletotrichumz fructicola and Fusarium oxysporum was determined by inhibition zone method. The results showed that the yield of essential oil extracted by SD method was 1.6%, and 19 components were identified, accounting for 98.8% of the total essential oil. Among them, citral （30.10%）, limonene （29.20%）, linalool （6.45%） and eucalyptus （5.65%） were the monoterpenes and monoterpenes with the highest content. The antifungal activity of LPO against F. oxysporum was better than that of C. fructicola, and the inhibition rate of mycelium growth was 100% at 20 mg·mL−1. In conclusion, the LPO is rich in terpenoids, has good antifungal activity, and has the potential to be developed as a biological pesticide.
2022, 43(4): 129-133.
doi: 10.12172/202203310003
Abstract:
The seedlings of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. with seedling age of 0.3-0.7 in the two naturaleedling raising types of marginal mountains around Sichuan Basin and Sichuan Basin were used as research object. The four indexes of seedling height, ground diameter, main root length and number of grade I lateral roots were measured. Using “normal distribution method” and “K-means clustering method” to study the classification, it is pointed out that the normal distribution method is more in line with the production practice. Combined with the relevant requirements of national and provincial standards, the classification results were fitted correction, and the quality of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. seedlings was finally divided into two grades by region. Marginal mountains around Sichuan Basin: Grade I seedling height > 59 cm, ground diameter > 0.75 cm, taproot length > 15 cm, number of grade I lateral roots > 6, grade II seedling height 36 cm~59 cm, ground diameter 0.45 cm~0.75 cm, taproot lengt≥12 cm, number of grade I lateral roots ≥ 4; Sichuan Basin: Grade I seedling height > 52 cm, ground diameter > 0.65 cm, taproot length > 15 cm, number of grade I lateral roots > 5, grade II seedling height 30 cm~52 cm, ground diameter 0.35 cm~0.65 cm, taproot length ≥11 cm, number of grade I lateral roots≥3.
The seedlings of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. with seedling age of 0.3-0.7 in the two naturaleedling raising types of marginal mountains around Sichuan Basin and Sichuan Basin were used as research object. The four indexes of seedling height, ground diameter, main root length and number of grade I lateral roots were measured. Using “normal distribution method” and “K-means clustering method” to study the classification, it is pointed out that the normal distribution method is more in line with the production practice. Combined with the relevant requirements of national and provincial standards, the classification results were fitted correction, and the quality of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. seedlings was finally divided into two grades by region. Marginal mountains around Sichuan Basin: Grade I seedling height > 59 cm, ground diameter > 0.75 cm, taproot length > 15 cm, number of grade I lateral roots > 6, grade II seedling height 36 cm~59 cm, ground diameter 0.45 cm~0.75 cm, taproot lengt≥12 cm, number of grade I lateral roots ≥ 4; Sichuan Basin: Grade I seedling height > 52 cm, ground diameter > 0.65 cm, taproot length > 15 cm, number of grade I lateral roots > 5, grade II seedling height 30 cm~52 cm, ground diameter 0.35 cm~0.65 cm, taproot length ≥11 cm, number of grade I lateral roots≥3.
2022, 43(4): 134-140.
doi: 10.12172/202111150001
Abstract:
In order to establish a container seedling raising technical system for Ormosia hosiei in southern Sichuan, the effects of substrate ratio, container specification and of slow-release fertilizer amount on the growth of Ormosia hosiei were analyzed by the factorial experiment design. The results showed that the growth of container seedlings of 1-year-old Ormosia hosiei tree was affected by three factors, including substrate ratio, container specification and slow-release fertilizer amount, and their pairwise interaction. The highest quality seedlings could be obtained in medium-sized containers and low amount of slow-release fertilizer by using A2 substrate （coconut bran 2∶peat 2∶soil 1） and A3 substrate （coconut bran 1∶peat 1∶soil 2）, which could save the cost of container seedling. The most suitable combination of factors for container seedling raising of Ormosia hosiei in southern Sichuan was as follows: the substrate ratio was coconut bran 2∶peat 2∶soil 1, the amount of slow-release fertilizer was 1 kg/m3, the container specification of non-woven container was 10 cm ×13.5 cm.
In order to establish a container seedling raising technical system for Ormosia hosiei in southern Sichuan, the effects of substrate ratio, container specification and of slow-release fertilizer amount on the growth of Ormosia hosiei were analyzed by the factorial experiment design. The results showed that the growth of container seedlings of 1-year-old Ormosia hosiei tree was affected by three factors, including substrate ratio, container specification and slow-release fertilizer amount, and their pairwise interaction. The highest quality seedlings could be obtained in medium-sized containers and low amount of slow-release fertilizer by using A2 substrate （coconut bran 2∶peat 2∶soil 1） and A3 substrate （coconut bran 1∶peat 1∶soil 2）, which could save the cost of container seedling. The most suitable combination of factors for container seedling raising of Ormosia hosiei in southern Sichuan was as follows: the substrate ratio was coconut bran 2∶peat 2∶soil 1, the amount of slow-release fertilizer was 1 kg/m3, the container specification of non-woven container was 10 cm ×13.5 cm.
2022, 43(4): 141-148.
doi: 10.12172/202110120005
Abstract:
Cross-laminated timber （CLT） is a new type of engineering wood, which is mainly used in wood structure construction and can be used as floor, wall and other building components. Globally, CLT is the fastest growing forest product. In this paper, the development of CLT in foreign countries is briefly introduced, and the production process of CLT is introduced. It is clarified that the further development of CLT in China needs the systematic support of all sectors of society. According to the development trend of general forest products and the current situation of CLT, it is pointed out that the future research direction of CLT in China should focus on reducing cost, improving quality, diversifying CLT raw materials and establishing standards with independent intellectual property rights.
Cross-laminated timber （CLT） is a new type of engineering wood, which is mainly used in wood structure construction and can be used as floor, wall and other building components. Globally, CLT is the fastest growing forest product. In this paper, the development of CLT in foreign countries is briefly introduced, and the production process of CLT is introduced. It is clarified that the further development of CLT in China needs the systematic support of all sectors of society. According to the development trend of general forest products and the current situation of CLT, it is pointed out that the future research direction of CLT in China should focus on reducing cost, improving quality, diversifying CLT raw materials and establishing standards with independent intellectual property rights.
2022, 43(4): 149-154.
doi: 10.12172/202109140001
Abstract:
Soil microorganisms are a very important component of forest ecosystem. A large number of studies have shown that the function, structure and soil fertility of ecosystem are directly affected by soil microorganisms. In this paper, the research progress of soil microbial diversity was summarized by reviewing, sorting and summarizing relevant literature. At present, the research on soil microbial diversity mainly focuses on species, heredity, structure and function. The influence factors are also analyzed from the micro point of view. The natural factors mainly involve water, soil pH value, soil temperature and vegetation, and the human factors mainly involve planting system and fertilization.
Soil microorganisms are a very important component of forest ecosystem. A large number of studies have shown that the function, structure and soil fertility of ecosystem are directly affected by soil microorganisms. In this paper, the research progress of soil microbial diversity was summarized by reviewing, sorting and summarizing relevant literature. At present, the research on soil microbial diversity mainly focuses on species, heredity, structure and function. The influence factors are also analyzed from the micro point of view. The natural factors mainly involve water, soil pH value, soil temperature and vegetation, and the human factors mainly involve planting system and fertilization.
