2017 Vol. 38 Issue 2
2017 Vol. 38, No. 2
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2017, 38(2): 1-7.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.001
Abstract:
In this paper,studies were made of the special germplasm resources of walnuts and breed new varieties of walnuts in Sichuan.According to the resource investigation and fruit quality evaluation of spicate walnuts in different areas of Sichuan,results showed that (1) The germplasm resources of the spicate walnut were widely distributed in Sichuan,and six portions of resources were collected from Heishui County of Aba Prefecture,Chaotian District of Guangyuan City,Shunqing District of Nanchong City and Xinjin county of Chengdu City and other places.(2) Spicate walnuts showed that the results were more string-like or spicate,exhibiting the majority of 3 to 8,4 to 6 mostly,up to 12.(3) In the growth,the growth and largest branch of PAXH,the HSLH,HSZML,SQLG were top branch rates and collateral branch rates were all above 50%; Spicate walnuts had a better,HSLH,HSZML and CTYM were more than 0.40 kg·m-2.(4) The average fruit weight was 12.09 g,kernel rate was 53.14% on an average,the shell thickness was 0.13 cm; the fruit external overall performance displayed HSZML > HSLH > SQLG > PAXH > XJPX > CTYM.(5) The average content of nucleolar fat was 67.47%,the highest HSZML was 70.76%; the average protein content was 15.35%,the highest HSLH was 17.90%; the average moisture content was 2.49%,and the lowest HSLH was 1.08%; In the oil composition,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid were quite different,PAXH oleic acid content was the highest,reaching 32.20%,XJPX linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the highest,reaching 64.40% and 10.90% respectively; the comprehensive performance of fruit internal quality was HSZML > HSLH > XJPX > CTYM > SQLG > PAXH.Therefore,through the comprehensive analysis of the evaluation indicators,HSZML,HSLH fruit appearance and internal quality had the best comprehensive performance.
In this paper,studies were made of the special germplasm resources of walnuts and breed new varieties of walnuts in Sichuan.According to the resource investigation and fruit quality evaluation of spicate walnuts in different areas of Sichuan,results showed that (1) The germplasm resources of the spicate walnut were widely distributed in Sichuan,and six portions of resources were collected from Heishui County of Aba Prefecture,Chaotian District of Guangyuan City,Shunqing District of Nanchong City and Xinjin county of Chengdu City and other places.(2) Spicate walnuts showed that the results were more string-like or spicate,exhibiting the majority of 3 to 8,4 to 6 mostly,up to 12.(3) In the growth,the growth and largest branch of PAXH,the HSLH,HSZML,SQLG were top branch rates and collateral branch rates were all above 50%; Spicate walnuts had a better,HSLH,HSZML and CTYM were more than 0.40 kg·m-2.(4) The average fruit weight was 12.09 g,kernel rate was 53.14% on an average,the shell thickness was 0.13 cm; the fruit external overall performance displayed HSZML > HSLH > SQLG > PAXH > XJPX > CTYM.(5) The average content of nucleolar fat was 67.47%,the highest HSZML was 70.76%; the average protein content was 15.35%,the highest HSLH was 17.90%; the average moisture content was 2.49%,and the lowest HSLH was 1.08%; In the oil composition,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid were quite different,PAXH oleic acid content was the highest,reaching 32.20%,XJPX linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the highest,reaching 64.40% and 10.90% respectively; the comprehensive performance of fruit internal quality was HSZML > HSLH > XJPX > CTYM > SQLG > PAXH.Therefore,through the comprehensive analysis of the evaluation indicators,HSZML,HSLH fruit appearance and internal quality had the best comprehensive performance.
2017, 38(2): 8-12.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.002
Abstract:
Dendrocalamus farinosus is one of most important bamboos in Sichuan.In this study,an experiement on site classification and site quality evaluation of Dendrocalamus farinosus was conducted by use of the comprehensive survey.One site area,two site regions,four site sub-regions and forty-five site types were divided in the study.The result of site evaluation showed that altitude,soil thickness,slope position and slope gradient were main in fluential factors on the bamboo growth.It was also found that there was no obvious correlation between slope aspect and bamboo growth.As a consequence,a conclusion could be drawn that deep soil (>60cm),middle-low altitude(<800m),middle-low slope position and gentle slope gradient(<25°)should be considered before forestation of this bamboo species.
Dendrocalamus farinosus is one of most important bamboos in Sichuan.In this study,an experiement on site classification and site quality evaluation of Dendrocalamus farinosus was conducted by use of the comprehensive survey.One site area,two site regions,four site sub-regions and forty-five site types were divided in the study.The result of site evaluation showed that altitude,soil thickness,slope position and slope gradient were main in fluential factors on the bamboo growth.It was also found that there was no obvious correlation between slope aspect and bamboo growth.As a consequence,a conclusion could be drawn that deep soil (>60cm),middle-low altitude(<800m),middle-low slope position and gentle slope gradient(<25°)should be considered before forestation of this bamboo species.
2017, 38(2): 13-16.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.003
Abstract:
Caltha dysosmoides is a newly named species in 2016 (specific to Sichuan).For the protection and use of this new species,the urgent need is to study their reproductive biology.In this paper,50 strains were selected from different populations to observe their floral characteristics,pollen viability and stigma receptivity.The pollen viability was measured by TTC method,and the pollen culture of Caltha was cultured in liquid medium,and the stigma receptivity was determined by benzidine hydrogen peroxide (until it was inactive).The results of the investigation showed that under natural conditions,the Caltha bloomed from April to May,and the flowering period of one flower is generally 2 days.Stamens were shorter than pistil; Anthers were close to the outer side of the stilus with a distance of about 3 mm; In the whole process of flower opening,the relative position of the pistil and stamen were invariant; In the morning,pollen viability was significantly lower than in the afternoon,and increased rapidly in 1~4 hours after anthesis,after 4 hours,the pollen activity increased slowly.The stigma could be granted,and it would be relatively strong at 3 hours after anthesis.
Caltha dysosmoides is a newly named species in 2016 (specific to Sichuan).For the protection and use of this new species,the urgent need is to study their reproductive biology.In this paper,50 strains were selected from different populations to observe their floral characteristics,pollen viability and stigma receptivity.The pollen viability was measured by TTC method,and the pollen culture of Caltha was cultured in liquid medium,and the stigma receptivity was determined by benzidine hydrogen peroxide (until it was inactive).The results of the investigation showed that under natural conditions,the Caltha bloomed from April to May,and the flowering period of one flower is generally 2 days.Stamens were shorter than pistil; Anthers were close to the outer side of the stilus with a distance of about 3 mm; In the whole process of flower opening,the relative position of the pistil and stamen were invariant; In the morning,pollen viability was significantly lower than in the afternoon,and increased rapidly in 1~4 hours after anthesis,after 4 hours,the pollen activity increased slowly.The stigma could be granted,and it would be relatively strong at 3 hours after anthesis.
2017, 38(2): 17-30.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.004
Abstract:
This article reviewed a nearly 50-year history of the wild giant panda population surveys and population dynamic monitoring from 1967 to 2014.According to survey spatial scales,survey temporal spans,survey organizers and survey goals,a description was given of the types and characteristics of those surveys,as well as their methods and theoetical bases from the perspective of population ecology.At the end,analysis has been made of the trend and influential factors of the wild giant panda population since the 1970 s.
This article reviewed a nearly 50-year history of the wild giant panda population surveys and population dynamic monitoring from 1967 to 2014.According to survey spatial scales,survey temporal spans,survey organizers and survey goals,a description was given of the types and characteristics of those surveys,as well as their methods and theoetical bases from the perspective of population ecology.At the end,analysis has been made of the trend and influential factors of the wild giant panda population since the 1970 s.
2017, 38(2): 31-35.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.005
Abstract:
In this paper,alpine grassland in Litang County was regarded as the research object,analysis was made of vegetation characteristics of different types of grassland in this area by using the method of the space sequence research instead of time series.The results showed that there were 30 families,89 genera and 174 species of common plants in the sandy grassland in the northwest of Sichuan Province including 6 families,8 genera,15 species of shrubs,and 24 families,81 genera,159 species of herbaceous plants.Besides,the coverage and biomass (total biomass,aboveground and underground biomass) of all kinds of sandy land showed regular changes with the aggravation of the degree of desertification.The change sequence of the coverage rate from high to low was non sandy land (control),mild sandy land,moderate sandy land,severe sandy land,extremely heavy sandy land.Thirdly,the number sequence of plant species was moderate sandy land,severe sandy land,mild sandy land,non sandy land (control),extremely heavy sandy land.Lastly,the sequence of community dominant species number was moderate sandy land,severe sandy land,mild sandy land,non sandy land (control),extremely heavy sandy land without obvious dominant species.
In this paper,alpine grassland in Litang County was regarded as the research object,analysis was made of vegetation characteristics of different types of grassland in this area by using the method of the space sequence research instead of time series.The results showed that there were 30 families,89 genera and 174 species of common plants in the sandy grassland in the northwest of Sichuan Province including 6 families,8 genera,15 species of shrubs,and 24 families,81 genera,159 species of herbaceous plants.Besides,the coverage and biomass (total biomass,aboveground and underground biomass) of all kinds of sandy land showed regular changes with the aggravation of the degree of desertification.The change sequence of the coverage rate from high to low was non sandy land (control),mild sandy land,moderate sandy land,severe sandy land,extremely heavy sandy land.Thirdly,the number sequence of plant species was moderate sandy land,severe sandy land,mild sandy land,non sandy land (control),extremely heavy sandy land.Lastly,the sequence of community dominant species number was moderate sandy land,severe sandy land,mild sandy land,non sandy land (control),extremely heavy sandy land without obvious dominant species.
2017, 38(2): 36-39.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.006
Abstract:
Euprepiophis perlacea (Stejneger,1929) is a relatively rare non-venomous snake speices.After this species was found in 1929,very few information about it was reported,letting alone a clear description of it.Based on the field survey and specimen examination,this study showed some differences between the adults and babies of this snake speices.It was also found that their food was pinky mice by dissection.In combination with other recent reports of this snake speies in Sichuan and a new record discovered in Shannxi Province,an additional description was given of the morphological characters and geographic distribution of this species.
Euprepiophis perlacea (Stejneger,1929) is a relatively rare non-venomous snake speices.After this species was found in 1929,very few information about it was reported,letting alone a clear description of it.Based on the field survey and specimen examination,this study showed some differences between the adults and babies of this snake speices.It was also found that their food was pinky mice by dissection.In combination with other recent reports of this snake speies in Sichuan and a new record discovered in Shannxi Province,an additional description was given of the morphological characters and geographic distribution of this species.
2017, 38(2): 40-44.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.007
Abstract:
The Lushan earthquake caused the serious influence to forest animals in Tianquan County.Studieds were made of the habitat factors of Euprepiophis perlacer for its potential distribution and conservation of its tiny population.Different habitats from Tianquan,Baoxing,Shimian and Mabian County were analyzed and compared through on-the-spot investigating Euprepiophis perlacer resource distribution.According to the similar habitat theory,the main habitat factors (>30%) of Euprepiophis perlacer were preliminarily selected for the suitable ecological habitats of Euprepiophis perlacer in Tianquan,which would contribute the operational and practical technology for tiny popuation protection and recovery and the establishment of the artificial population of Euprepiophis perlacer in Tianquan.
The Lushan earthquake caused the serious influence to forest animals in Tianquan County.Studieds were made of the habitat factors of Euprepiophis perlacer for its potential distribution and conservation of its tiny population.Different habitats from Tianquan,Baoxing,Shimian and Mabian County were analyzed and compared through on-the-spot investigating Euprepiophis perlacer resource distribution.According to the similar habitat theory,the main habitat factors (>30%) of Euprepiophis perlacer were preliminarily selected for the suitable ecological habitats of Euprepiophis perlacer in Tianquan,which would contribute the operational and practical technology for tiny popuation protection and recovery and the establishment of the artificial population of Euprepiophis perlacer in Tianquan.
2017, 38(2): 45-49.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.008
Abstract:
In this study,investigations were conducted on the plant resources and vegetation distribution along the expressway from Chengdu to Yibin,aiming to provide the current information for the environmental impact assessment of the project construction,and the basis for the project construction to take reasonable environmental protection measures.The results showed that there were about 575 species of vascular plants in the scope of the investigation,belonging to 125 families and 360 genera,including Alsophila metteniana, Cibotium barometz,and Cinnamomum longepaniculatum(3 species National key protected wild plants).The vegetation types of investigation areas were dominated by cultivated vegetation which was composed of artificial forest,economic forest and crops,and natural vegetation was relatively small.The natural vegetation type was mainly warm coniferous forest whose main species were Cupressus funebris and Pinus massoniana,bamboo forest mainly included Neosinocalamus affinis, Phyllostachys heterocycla, Phyllostachys bambussoides,etcetera,and deciduous broadleaf shrubs were principally composed of Vitex negundo, Broussonetia papyrifera, Rhus chinensis,etc.
In this study,investigations were conducted on the plant resources and vegetation distribution along the expressway from Chengdu to Yibin,aiming to provide the current information for the environmental impact assessment of the project construction,and the basis for the project construction to take reasonable environmental protection measures.The results showed that there were about 575 species of vascular plants in the scope of the investigation,belonging to 125 families and 360 genera,including Alsophila metteniana, Cibotium barometz,and Cinnamomum longepaniculatum(3 species National key protected wild plants).The vegetation types of investigation areas were dominated by cultivated vegetation which was composed of artificial forest,economic forest and crops,and natural vegetation was relatively small.The natural vegetation type was mainly warm coniferous forest whose main species were Cupressus funebris and Pinus massoniana,bamboo forest mainly included Neosinocalamus affinis, Phyllostachys heterocycla, Phyllostachys bambussoides,etcetera,and deciduous broadleaf shrubs were principally composed of Vitex negundo, Broussonetia papyrifera, Rhus chinensis,etc.
2017, 38(2): 50-54.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.009
Abstract:
From May to June 2015,digestibility trials were conducted on 6 red pandas(3 of which were rescued in the wild) in Chengdu Zoo. The trial consisted of 7 days pre-experiment and 7 days of normal experiments,aiming to analyze the digestibility of red pandas of different years of captivity,and quantify the influence of different years of captivity on digestion.The result showed that the apparent digestibility percentages of dry matter,fat,crude protein,crude ash and corase fiber for red pandas of this trail were 61.16%,82.28%,76.6%,15.91% and 13.39%,red pandas had relatively lower digestibility of crude ash and corase fiber.The wild rescued pandas with 2 to 3 years of captivity had apparently higher digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,fat,corase fiber and crude ash,while the red pandas under 1 year of captivity had relatively lower digestibility of fat and corase fiber,and their daily food consumption was lower than other 2 groups in this trial as well.The red pandas with larger playground had higher digestibility of each nutritive matter than those without playground.Over a series of experiments,the result showed that the daily ration could meet the energy that was needed to maintain life activities of red pandas in Chengdu Zoo,but the bamboo leaves and bamboo shoots in the daily ration should be balanced,the captive red pandas should be equipped with large enough sports field,and there should be a transition period on daily ration for red pandas from wild to captivity,more bamboo leaves and apples should be added during this period.
From May to June 2015,digestibility trials were conducted on 6 red pandas(3 of which were rescued in the wild) in Chengdu Zoo. The trial consisted of 7 days pre-experiment and 7 days of normal experiments,aiming to analyze the digestibility of red pandas of different years of captivity,and quantify the influence of different years of captivity on digestion.The result showed that the apparent digestibility percentages of dry matter,fat,crude protein,crude ash and corase fiber for red pandas of this trail were 61.16%,82.28%,76.6%,15.91% and 13.39%,red pandas had relatively lower digestibility of crude ash and corase fiber.The wild rescued pandas with 2 to 3 years of captivity had apparently higher digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,fat,corase fiber and crude ash,while the red pandas under 1 year of captivity had relatively lower digestibility of fat and corase fiber,and their daily food consumption was lower than other 2 groups in this trial as well.The red pandas with larger playground had higher digestibility of each nutritive matter than those without playground.Over a series of experiments,the result showed that the daily ration could meet the energy that was needed to maintain life activities of red pandas in Chengdu Zoo,but the bamboo leaves and bamboo shoots in the daily ration should be balanced,the captive red pandas should be equipped with large enough sports field,and there should be a transition period on daily ration for red pandas from wild to captivity,more bamboo leaves and apples should be added during this period.
2017, 38(2): 55-58.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.010
Abstract:
In order to protect the natural resources of the Euprepiophis perlacea,the experiment of feeding this snake species was conducted by imitating to the ecosystem.The results have shown that the Euprepiophis perlacea grew well on the conditions of the environment temperature of 22℃~32℃ and the humidity 75%~90%.August and September in a year are the growth fastigium of the Euprepiophis perlacea.Establishing an feeding the snakes field of imitative stable multifunction ecosystem in suiting for the Euprepiophis perlacea growing not only can satisfy their growth needing,but also can attain the purpose of lowering their feeding cost.
In order to protect the natural resources of the Euprepiophis perlacea,the experiment of feeding this snake species was conducted by imitating to the ecosystem.The results have shown that the Euprepiophis perlacea grew well on the conditions of the environment temperature of 22℃~32℃ and the humidity 75%~90%.August and September in a year are the growth fastigium of the Euprepiophis perlacea.Establishing an feeding the snakes field of imitative stable multifunction ecosystem in suiting for the Euprepiophis perlacea growing not only can satisfy their growth needing,but also can attain the purpose of lowering their feeding cost.
2017, 38(2): 59-64.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.011
Abstract:
The nursing season is the key period for the growth and development of animals.The mortality of animal babies is really high during the first month after their birth,so the nursing season is especially important for their survival.By researches on the activity rhythms,time budget and nursing behaviors of endangered species during nursing season,the survival rate of the babies of endangered species can be enhanced,aiming to improve their population.As a companion of the giant panda,the red panda is also a competitive animal to the giant panda in food,in spite of its scarce quantity,gentle temperament,highly ornamental value,the researchers and animal keepers still pay little attention to the lovely species.Thus,studies were made of the time budgets,activity rhythms and nursing behaviors of four female red pandas in Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from 2013 to 2016,by using instantaneous scan sampling and all-occurrence recording methods.It was found that resting was the main activity of red pandas during nursing season,followed by nursing behaviors,exploring,moving,grooming and feeding.The average percent of nursing behaviors during one day was about 20%,except for 01:00~5:00 in the morning; Feeding behaviors occurred more frequently on 19:00~21:00 and 01:00 in the morning.Nursing behaviors had an extremely significant negative correlation to feeding and moving behaviors(P<0.05) and a significant negative correlation to grooming and resting behaviors(P<0.01); Moving behaviors had an extremely significant positive correlation to grooming and feeding behaviors(P<0.05).As for the nursing behaviors,licking the cub occurred the most frequently,reaching up to 70%,and followed by lactating,which was made up to 24%.The results showed the activity rhythms,time budget and nursing behaviors of red pandas,therefore able to have a better understanding of the living habits of red pandas during nursing season,and improve the population of the endangered species.
The nursing season is the key period for the growth and development of animals.The mortality of animal babies is really high during the first month after their birth,so the nursing season is especially important for their survival.By researches on the activity rhythms,time budget and nursing behaviors of endangered species during nursing season,the survival rate of the babies of endangered species can be enhanced,aiming to improve their population.As a companion of the giant panda,the red panda is also a competitive animal to the giant panda in food,in spite of its scarce quantity,gentle temperament,highly ornamental value,the researchers and animal keepers still pay little attention to the lovely species.Thus,studies were made of the time budgets,activity rhythms and nursing behaviors of four female red pandas in Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from 2013 to 2016,by using instantaneous scan sampling and all-occurrence recording methods.It was found that resting was the main activity of red pandas during nursing season,followed by nursing behaviors,exploring,moving,grooming and feeding.The average percent of nursing behaviors during one day was about 20%,except for 01:00~5:00 in the morning; Feeding behaviors occurred more frequently on 19:00~21:00 and 01:00 in the morning.Nursing behaviors had an extremely significant negative correlation to feeding and moving behaviors(P<0.05) and a significant negative correlation to grooming and resting behaviors(P<0.01); Moving behaviors had an extremely significant positive correlation to grooming and feeding behaviors(P<0.05).As for the nursing behaviors,licking the cub occurred the most frequently,reaching up to 70%,and followed by lactating,which was made up to 24%.The results showed the activity rhythms,time budget and nursing behaviors of red pandas,therefore able to have a better understanding of the living habits of red pandas during nursing season,and improve the population of the endangered species.
2017, 38(2): 65-71.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.012
Abstract:
Based on the data of the height and basal diameter growth of Magnolia dawsoniana grafted seedlings,the growth rhythm was analyzed by Logistic equation.The results showed that (1) taking Magnolia biondii as the rootstocks for grafting M.Dawsoniana could obviously promote the growth of M.Dawsoniana.The annual growth of grafted seedlings was closer to the growth of the sprout seedlings of M.biondii and significantly higher than the growth of 2-year old M.Dawsoniana seedlings.(2)The growth of seedling height exhibited a "S-shaped" curve as "slow-fast-slow" while that of basal diameters growth were presented as a "double S-shaped" curve as "slow-fast-slow-fast-slow".(3) The growth period of seedling growth process could be divided into three parts:the initial growth stage (before June 26th),the fast-growing period (from June 26th to August 15th) and the late growth period (from August 15th to October 18th),The duration of fast-growing period was 50 days,and the fast-growing period of cumulative growth accounted for 56.92% of the theoretic maximum number.(4) The basal diameter growth process could be divided into three stages:the initial growth stage (before May 27th),the fast-growing period I (from May 27th to June 12th),the transition period (from June 12th to July 26th),the fast-growing period Ⅱ (from July 26th to August 13th) and the late growth period (from August 13th to October 18th),besides,the cumulative time of the fast-growing period I and the fast-growing period Ⅱ were 34 days,and the total cumulative growth accounted for 61.8% of the theoretic maximum number.
Based on the data of the height and basal diameter growth of Magnolia dawsoniana grafted seedlings,the growth rhythm was analyzed by Logistic equation.The results showed that (1) taking Magnolia biondii as the rootstocks for grafting M.Dawsoniana could obviously promote the growth of M.Dawsoniana.The annual growth of grafted seedlings was closer to the growth of the sprout seedlings of M.biondii and significantly higher than the growth of 2-year old M.Dawsoniana seedlings.(2)The growth of seedling height exhibited a "S-shaped" curve as "slow-fast-slow" while that of basal diameters growth were presented as a "double S-shaped" curve as "slow-fast-slow-fast-slow".(3) The growth period of seedling growth process could be divided into three parts:the initial growth stage (before June 26th),the fast-growing period (from June 26th to August 15th) and the late growth period (from August 15th to October 18th),The duration of fast-growing period was 50 days,and the fast-growing period of cumulative growth accounted for 56.92% of the theoretic maximum number.(4) The basal diameter growth process could be divided into three stages:the initial growth stage (before May 27th),the fast-growing period I (from May 27th to June 12th),the transition period (from June 12th to July 26th),the fast-growing period Ⅱ (from July 26th to August 13th) and the late growth period (from August 13th to October 18th),besides,the cumulative time of the fast-growing period I and the fast-growing period Ⅱ were 34 days,and the total cumulative growth accounted for 61.8% of the theoretic maximum number.
2017, 38(2): 72-78.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.013
Abstract:
In this study,we took 18 experimental points' soils from Chinese prickly ash main production areas in Sichuan as research objects to evaluate the total lead pollution with Nemerow Index Method,analyzed 5 forms of lead in each sample,compared the lead bioavailability and mobility of samples in main production areas,and studied the effect of pH value on lead chemical forms and bioavailability.The results showed that the residual lead contents in locality soils were significantly higher than those of other 4 forms; the lead contents of Fe/Mn oxide were significantly higher than those of organic forms,carbonate forms,and exchangeable forms; the soil samples' bioavailability and mobility were much lower than others when pH>7; the bioavailability and mobility of soil samples in main production area B were much higher than those in area A and other areas.According to the current limit standard for Sichuan forest food production environment and product,the total lead contents in locality soils of Chinese prickly ash had certain overproof risk which needed timely monitoring.However,the locality soils' lead pollution reflected by the limit standard and Nemerow assessment result was a little one-sided,so we recommended adding the determination of available lead contents to serve as auxiliary analysis.
In this study,we took 18 experimental points' soils from Chinese prickly ash main production areas in Sichuan as research objects to evaluate the total lead pollution with Nemerow Index Method,analyzed 5 forms of lead in each sample,compared the lead bioavailability and mobility of samples in main production areas,and studied the effect of pH value on lead chemical forms and bioavailability.The results showed that the residual lead contents in locality soils were significantly higher than those of other 4 forms; the lead contents of Fe/Mn oxide were significantly higher than those of organic forms,carbonate forms,and exchangeable forms; the soil samples' bioavailability and mobility were much lower than others when pH>7; the bioavailability and mobility of soil samples in main production area B were much higher than those in area A and other areas.According to the current limit standard for Sichuan forest food production environment and product,the total lead contents in locality soils of Chinese prickly ash had certain overproof risk which needed timely monitoring.However,the locality soils' lead pollution reflected by the limit standard and Nemerow assessment result was a little one-sided,so we recommended adding the determination of available lead contents to serve as auxiliary analysis.
2017, 38(2): 79-84.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.014
Abstract:
In this paper,the natural germplasm resources of Amygdalus tangutica in different altitudes in dry-hot valleys of Western Sichuan were investigated.There was not any significant difference fould between Songpan and Jiuzhaigou,except the average branch diameter.Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the 15 traits of Amygdalus tangutica.According to more than 85% of the cumulative variance proportion,the results proposed comprehensive assessments of these trees.It would provide a basis for the superior variety selection of Amygdalus tangutica in Sichuan province.
In this paper,the natural germplasm resources of Amygdalus tangutica in different altitudes in dry-hot valleys of Western Sichuan were investigated.There was not any significant difference fould between Songpan and Jiuzhaigou,except the average branch diameter.Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the 15 traits of Amygdalus tangutica.According to more than 85% of the cumulative variance proportion,the results proposed comprehensive assessments of these trees.It would provide a basis for the superior variety selection of Amygdalus tangutica in Sichuan province.
2017, 38(2): 85-90.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.015
Abstract:
Elaphe perlacea belongs to Elaphe,Megapodiidae.Stejneger collected a male specimen in Ya'an and named it Elaphe perlacea in 1929.The number of Elaphe perlacea is rare,and its distribution areas are limited.Elaphe perlacea is the least studied species of Elaphe.Elaphe mandarinus also belongs to Elaphe,and it was named in 1882.Due to the similarities in heads and tails of both species and the limited information,it is difficult to differentiate the two species.In 2010,a specimen of Elaphe perlacea was collected in Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve of Ya'an.We obtained DNA sequence data of Elaphe perlacea (complete sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4[ND4] gene,cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA partial sequences) and established phylogeny trees to examine the relationship of Elaphe species.The phylogenetic tree showed that Elaphe perlacea and Elaphe mandarinus were sister species,but also two valid species.And we also examined the morphological characters of Elaphe perlacea and Elaphe mandarinus,and found that there were stable differences between them.
Elaphe perlacea belongs to Elaphe,Megapodiidae.Stejneger collected a male specimen in Ya'an and named it Elaphe perlacea in 1929.The number of Elaphe perlacea is rare,and its distribution areas are limited.Elaphe perlacea is the least studied species of Elaphe.Elaphe mandarinus also belongs to Elaphe,and it was named in 1882.Due to the similarities in heads and tails of both species and the limited information,it is difficult to differentiate the two species.In 2010,a specimen of Elaphe perlacea was collected in Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve of Ya'an.We obtained DNA sequence data of Elaphe perlacea (complete sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4[ND4] gene,cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA partial sequences) and established phylogeny trees to examine the relationship of Elaphe species.The phylogenetic tree showed that Elaphe perlacea and Elaphe mandarinus were sister species,but also two valid species.And we also examined the morphological characters of Elaphe perlacea and Elaphe mandarinus,and found that there were stable differences between them.
2017, 38(2): 91-96,54.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.016
Abstract:
The Cupressus chengiana S.Y.Hu is one of national second-level protected species,mainly distributed in the basins of Minjiang,Dadu and Bailong rivers.Its natural distribution area is also the living area of residents,and therefore being affected by grazing,cutting,wood burning and other human activity disturbance.Based on the disturbance type and intensity,the C.chengiana forests were divided into excessive,severe,moderate and mild disturbance types,respectively.In order to answer the affects of different disturbance intensity on the C.chengiana population characteristics,analysis was made of population density,heights,DBH and population structure of different disturbance types.The results showed that trees of C.chenginia of all levels of DBH,heights and basal diameter scattered under mild disturbance type,but the percentage of seedlings and saplings was small,intermediate grade trees were more,hence the population structure was reasonable.Under moderate disturbance,small levels of C.chengiana accounted for the main body,middle level trees had also some distribution,and C.chengiana populations might returns to the normal state.Under the severe disturbance,there were many low level trees,but the higher level trees were scarce.Under the excessive disturbance,there were not higher level trees.In a word,the tree age,height,DBH,and DBH structure were more reasonable,and the population could naturally regenerate under the mild and moderate disturbance.But the rationality and stability of population structure was bad,and could hardly complete natural regeneration under the excessive and severe disturbance.
The Cupressus chengiana S.Y.Hu is one of national second-level protected species,mainly distributed in the basins of Minjiang,Dadu and Bailong rivers.Its natural distribution area is also the living area of residents,and therefore being affected by grazing,cutting,wood burning and other human activity disturbance.Based on the disturbance type and intensity,the C.chengiana forests were divided into excessive,severe,moderate and mild disturbance types,respectively.In order to answer the affects of different disturbance intensity on the C.chengiana population characteristics,analysis was made of population density,heights,DBH and population structure of different disturbance types.The results showed that trees of C.chenginia of all levels of DBH,heights and basal diameter scattered under mild disturbance type,but the percentage of seedlings and saplings was small,intermediate grade trees were more,hence the population structure was reasonable.Under moderate disturbance,small levels of C.chengiana accounted for the main body,middle level trees had also some distribution,and C.chengiana populations might returns to the normal state.Under the severe disturbance,there were many low level trees,but the higher level trees were scarce.Under the excessive disturbance,there were not higher level trees.In a word,the tree age,height,DBH,and DBH structure were more reasonable,and the population could naturally regenerate under the mild and moderate disturbance.But the rationality and stability of population structure was bad,and could hardly complete natural regeneration under the excessive and severe disturbance.
2017, 38(2): 97-99.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.017
Abstract:
In this paper,from such five aspects as poplar canopy,biomass,leaf area,root type and branching angle,studies were made of the poplar plant type;and through the experiment data comparison analysis,it was determined that the best ideal plant types of poplars were thick branch with wide crown or twigs with narrow crown.
In this paper,from such five aspects as poplar canopy,biomass,leaf area,root type and branching angle,studies were made of the poplar plant type;and through the experiment data comparison analysis,it was determined that the best ideal plant types of poplars were thick branch with wide crown or twigs with narrow crown.
2017, 38(2): 100-102,64.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.018
Abstract:
In order to truly reflect the current state of the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of small towns,this paper synthetically analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the models of International hectare,National hectare and Provincial hectare,finally choose the model of City hectare to calculate the ecological footprint and biological capacity of mianzhu,at the same time,the calorific value was introduced to localization of equilibrium factor and yield factor.Results showed that the equilibrium factor and yield factor with the models of International hectare and City hectare had a big difference.The final results were as follows:the per capita ecological footprint in mianzhu in 2014 was 0.402024 hm2,per ecological capacity was 0.283983 hm2,and the ecological deficit was 0.11804 hm2.
In order to truly reflect the current state of the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of small towns,this paper synthetically analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the models of International hectare,National hectare and Provincial hectare,finally choose the model of City hectare to calculate the ecological footprint and biological capacity of mianzhu,at the same time,the calorific value was introduced to localization of equilibrium factor and yield factor.Results showed that the equilibrium factor and yield factor with the models of International hectare and City hectare had a big difference.The final results were as follows:the per capita ecological footprint in mianzhu in 2014 was 0.402024 hm2,per ecological capacity was 0.283983 hm2,and the ecological deficit was 0.11804 hm2.
2017, 38(2): 103-106.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.019
Abstract:
Sustainable forest management is the direction and trend of forestry development.In recent years,the projects of sustainable forest management have been continuously conducted in Sichuan province.But such researches as monitoring and evaluation of sustainable forest management projects are very rare.The purpose of project monitoring and evaluation for sustainable forest management,content,method,monitoring data collecting,feedback of evaluation result and so on are also studied and discussed in this paper.
Sustainable forest management is the direction and trend of forestry development.In recent years,the projects of sustainable forest management have been continuously conducted in Sichuan province.But such researches as monitoring and evaluation of sustainable forest management projects are very rare.The purpose of project monitoring and evaluation for sustainable forest management,content,method,monitoring data collecting,feedback of evaluation result and so on are also studied and discussed in this paper.
2017, 38(2): 107-109,58.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.020
Abstract:
2017, 38(2): 110-113.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.021
Abstract:
Litter and soil water-holding capacity is one of the important components of computing function of water conservation vegetation community.In this paper,Cupressus chengiana forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tabulaeformis forest,Cotinus coggygria forest,Populous and Salix forest,Picea and Abies forest,Quercus aquifolioides forest,Rosa brush and Hippophae rhamnoides brush were taken as the research objects,the litter and soil water-holding capacity in 0~40 cm were evaluated and calculated.The results showed that the total litter water-holding capacity of 9 plant communities was about 27 099 t.The total soil water-holding capacity in 0~40 cm of 9 plant communities was about 331 751 t.Based on the 686.8 hm2 plant communities in Xionger village,the total water-holding capacity of litter and soil in 0~40 cm was about 358 850 t,and the total water conservation value was about 2.193 million Yuan.
Litter and soil water-holding capacity is one of the important components of computing function of water conservation vegetation community.In this paper,Cupressus chengiana forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tabulaeformis forest,Cotinus coggygria forest,Populous and Salix forest,Picea and Abies forest,Quercus aquifolioides forest,Rosa brush and Hippophae rhamnoides brush were taken as the research objects,the litter and soil water-holding capacity in 0~40 cm were evaluated and calculated.The results showed that the total litter water-holding capacity of 9 plant communities was about 27 099 t.The total soil water-holding capacity in 0~40 cm of 9 plant communities was about 331 751 t.Based on the 686.8 hm2 plant communities in Xionger village,the total water-holding capacity of litter and soil in 0~40 cm was about 358 850 t,and the total water conservation value was about 2.193 million Yuan.
2017, 38(2): 114-116.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.022
Abstract:
"Close to Nature Forestry" theory and methods are important parts of the index system of Sustainable Forest Management.This paper focused on the theory and methods of "Close to Nature Forestry" in Germany,and reflected its importance in the process of the forestry development of Germany.Furthermore,according to the current situation of forest resources and management in Sichuan Province,finally some development strategy and measures were put forward,aiming to provide the theory evidence for using "Close to Nature Forestry" theory and methods.
"Close to Nature Forestry" theory and methods are important parts of the index system of Sustainable Forest Management.This paper focused on the theory and methods of "Close to Nature Forestry" in Germany,and reflected its importance in the process of the forestry development of Germany.Furthermore,according to the current situation of forest resources and management in Sichuan Province,finally some development strategy and measures were put forward,aiming to provide the theory evidence for using "Close to Nature Forestry" theory and methods.
2017, 38(2): 117-119,71.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.023
Abstract:
Xiong'er Village is a typical representative of more than 50 high mountain villagers in GanBao Town,Li County,Aba Prefecture.It has a fragile ecological system and is lack of water,but the villagers are still unaware of the decisive influence of ecological environment to their survival.In 2011,Xiong'er Village set up the board of directors and board of supervisors,elected the patrol team to carry out protection.But for the execution in community,protection action lacked pertinence; the villagers didn't understand the collective forest protection,and were lack of collective action.Shanshui conservation center tried to help Xiong'er village to improve the protect system from 2014,including making a protection planning,and took a part of money from the public welfare forest compensation as public funds to support the patrol team wages.The community fund was established to support the development of collective eco-friendly industry,aiming to help villagers to improve the income and to give back part of the profit to the community fund to support community protection.It assisted the community in forming management mechanism,promoting community to balance the protection and development and thus making the protection sustainable.
Xiong'er Village is a typical representative of more than 50 high mountain villagers in GanBao Town,Li County,Aba Prefecture.It has a fragile ecological system and is lack of water,but the villagers are still unaware of the decisive influence of ecological environment to their survival.In 2011,Xiong'er Village set up the board of directors and board of supervisors,elected the patrol team to carry out protection.But for the execution in community,protection action lacked pertinence; the villagers didn't understand the collective forest protection,and were lack of collective action.Shanshui conservation center tried to help Xiong'er village to improve the protect system from 2014,including making a protection planning,and took a part of money from the public welfare forest compensation as public funds to support the patrol team wages.The community fund was established to support the development of collective eco-friendly industry,aiming to help villagers to improve the income and to give back part of the profit to the community fund to support community protection.It assisted the community in forming management mechanism,promoting community to balance the protection and development and thus making the protection sustainable.
2017, 38(2): 120-123.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.024
Abstract:
Pingwu County has achieved the goal of a benign interaction between ecological conservation and poverty alleviation development through sustainable forest management by helping ecological poverty alleviation,as well as coordinating the relationship between economic development and ecological conservation.During the process of practice,it is significant to adhere to an idea of green development,balance the sustainable relationship between economy and ecology,unite the three powers of government,society and villages,and promote multi-industrial development by the dual-power of co-operatives and ecological compensation mechanism.
Pingwu County has achieved the goal of a benign interaction between ecological conservation and poverty alleviation development through sustainable forest management by helping ecological poverty alleviation,as well as coordinating the relationship between economic development and ecological conservation.During the process of practice,it is significant to adhere to an idea of green development,balance the sustainable relationship between economy and ecology,unite the three powers of government,society and villages,and promote multi-industrial development by the dual-power of co-operatives and ecological compensation mechanism.
2017, 38(2): 124-127.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.025
Abstract:
According to China's reform of forest land ownership after collective forest management status,analysis was made of collective forest management problems of household contract system.Combined with management practice in Lixian County,discussion was made on joint stock management system management methods of Lixian County collective ecological public forest.Analysis results showed that the household contract system or stock management system,which was more suitable for the the collective public forest,needed to be analyzed according to forestry,and economy and the social situation.
According to China's reform of forest land ownership after collective forest management status,analysis was made of collective forest management problems of household contract system.Combined with management practice in Lixian County,discussion was made on joint stock management system management methods of Lixian County collective ecological public forest.Analysis results showed that the household contract system or stock management system,which was more suitable for the the collective public forest,needed to be analyzed according to forestry,and economy and the social situation.
2017, 38(2): 128-131.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.026
Abstract:
In the forestry towns of south Sichuan,in order to ensure the sustainable management of forest development,an effective way was used to develop forestry by the modern forestry professional cooperatives.The forestry professional cooperatives was an important organizations for realizing sustainable management of forest.
In the forestry towns of south Sichuan,in order to ensure the sustainable management of forest development,an effective way was used to develop forestry by the modern forestry professional cooperatives.The forestry professional cooperatives was an important organizations for realizing sustainable management of forest.
2017, 38(2): 132-135,146.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.027
Abstract:
The development of forest health tourism is an effective way to revitalize forestry resources,improve the economic benefits of forestry,and boost the reform of forestry in China under the new normal conditions.The background and necessity of the development of the forest health tourism were described firstly.Then analysis was made of the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threats of the development of forest health tourism in Sichuan by using the SWOT method.On this basis,some suggestions were put forward for realizing the sustainable development of forest health tourism in Sichuan,including the establishment of interaction mechanism between ecological protection and resource development,integration of regional forest tourism resources,the forest health tourism infrastructure,building the forest health tourism brand,strengthening marketing and promoting the cultivation of Sichuan forest health tourism talents.
The development of forest health tourism is an effective way to revitalize forestry resources,improve the economic benefits of forestry,and boost the reform of forestry in China under the new normal conditions.The background and necessity of the development of the forest health tourism were described firstly.Then analysis was made of the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threats of the development of forest health tourism in Sichuan by using the SWOT method.On this basis,some suggestions were put forward for realizing the sustainable development of forest health tourism in Sichuan,including the establishment of interaction mechanism between ecological protection and resource development,integration of regional forest tourism resources,the forest health tourism infrastructure,building the forest health tourism brand,strengthening marketing and promoting the cultivation of Sichuan forest health tourism talents.
2017, 38(2): 136-138.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.028
Abstract:
Duting March to July,2016,a pteliminary investigation was made on forest resources and forests economy in Nanxi area.Through field investigation combined with visits and reference,the final confirmation of three efficient planting patterns was formed in Nanxi District.Nanxi district should seize the advantages of forests economy,and use geographical advantages and topography characteristic,and forest resource and rich water resources,and in cooperation with local enterprises,develop the four forest economic model:forest fungi,forest medicine,forest birds,and forest livestock.
Duting March to July,2016,a pteliminary investigation was made on forest resources and forests economy in Nanxi area.Through field investigation combined with visits and reference,the final confirmation of three efficient planting patterns was formed in Nanxi District.Nanxi district should seize the advantages of forests economy,and use geographical advantages and topography characteristic,and forest resource and rich water resources,and in cooperation with local enterprises,develop the four forest economic model:forest fungi,forest medicine,forest birds,and forest livestock.
2017, 38(2): 139-141,90.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.029
Abstract:
Because of its special geographical location and climate factors,Deyang city is a treasure place for the growth of Chinese medicinal materials.Since ancient times.Deyang city has been in the habits introduction and domestication of the wild Chinese herbal medicine.In recent years,Deyang city planting scale has been more and more big.By the end of 2015,Chinese herbal medicine planting area was 19 262 hm2,among these varieties,cortex phellodendri,eucommia bark,magnolia bark "mark medicine" were 4 882 hm2,salvia miltiorrhiza was 3 238 hm2 and other Chinese herbal medicines were 3 436 hm2.The output totalled 81 180 tons,and the output value reached 1.052 billion yuan (including Chinese herbal medicine raw income),the average output value per hectare was up to 81 000 yuan,with the city's rural per capita income 297 yuan in the Chinese herbal medicine planting.Thus it could be seen that the Chinese herbal medicine planting made certain contribution for the economic and social development of Deyang city,and to the broad masses of peasants riches had a very significant role.In Deyang city,however,traditional Chinese medicine development is not balanced,and there are many problems to be solved.Therefore this paper puts forward the scientific formulation development plan,establishing the fund input mechanism,strengthening the service system,accelerating the operators training and strengthening the training of technical personnel countermeasures,in order to make some inspiration to the sustainable development of the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry in Deyang city.
Because of its special geographical location and climate factors,Deyang city is a treasure place for the growth of Chinese medicinal materials.Since ancient times.Deyang city has been in the habits introduction and domestication of the wild Chinese herbal medicine.In recent years,Deyang city planting scale has been more and more big.By the end of 2015,Chinese herbal medicine planting area was 19 262 hm2,among these varieties,cortex phellodendri,eucommia bark,magnolia bark "mark medicine" were 4 882 hm2,salvia miltiorrhiza was 3 238 hm2 and other Chinese herbal medicines were 3 436 hm2.The output totalled 81 180 tons,and the output value reached 1.052 billion yuan (including Chinese herbal medicine raw income),the average output value per hectare was up to 81 000 yuan,with the city's rural per capita income 297 yuan in the Chinese herbal medicine planting.Thus it could be seen that the Chinese herbal medicine planting made certain contribution for the economic and social development of Deyang city,and to the broad masses of peasants riches had a very significant role.In Deyang city,however,traditional Chinese medicine development is not balanced,and there are many problems to be solved.Therefore this paper puts forward the scientific formulation development plan,establishing the fund input mechanism,strengthening the service system,accelerating the operators training and strengthening the training of technical personnel countermeasures,in order to make some inspiration to the sustainable development of the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry in Deyang city.
2017, 38(2): 142-146.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.02.030
Abstract:
The Zhuanjinglou village of Wolong Town is a poor village.Wolong Town has developed the plum's industry for the geographical climate characteristics of the poor village.Plum's industry development not only brought certain economic benefits for the farmers,but also got the suitable plum cultivation technology for the high levels of poverty areas,hence providing certain theoretical basis for the plum industry development of Wolong Town,Wenchuan County,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and even in all the province.
The Zhuanjinglou village of Wolong Town is a poor village.Wolong Town has developed the plum's industry for the geographical climate characteristics of the poor village.Plum's industry development not only brought certain economic benefits for the farmers,but also got the suitable plum cultivation technology for the high levels of poverty areas,hence providing certain theoretical basis for the plum industry development of Wolong Town,Wenchuan County,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and even in all the province.
