2014 Vol. 35 Issue 3
2014 Vol. 35, No. 3
Export
Citation
2014, 35(3): 1-12.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.001
Abstract:
Taking the a schistosomiasis epidemic area in a hilly and mountain area of Sichuan Province as the research object,discussion was made on the establishonent technology of forestry model for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention. By the analysis of snail distribution,the obvious characteristics of watershed distribution,wide area distribution along the mountain and distribution of edge effect were brought forward. To further research the mechanism of snail control and schistosomiasis prevention forestry, three functions of controlling,resisting,driving away and killing snails were put forward. On this basis,structure model of snail control and schistosomiasis prevention forestry and forestry system layout with watershed as a unit were proposed,and the 5 typical establishment modes of forestry for schistosomiasis prevention in a hilly and mountain area of Sichuan Province were investigated and summarized.
Taking the a schistosomiasis epidemic area in a hilly and mountain area of Sichuan Province as the research object,discussion was made on the establishonent technology of forestry model for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention. By the analysis of snail distribution,the obvious characteristics of watershed distribution,wide area distribution along the mountain and distribution of edge effect were brought forward. To further research the mechanism of snail control and schistosomiasis prevention forestry, three functions of controlling,resisting,driving away and killing snails were put forward. On this basis,structure model of snail control and schistosomiasis prevention forestry and forestry system layout with watershed as a unit were proposed,and the 5 typical establishment modes of forestry for schistosomiasis prevention in a hilly and mountain area of Sichuan Province were investigated and summarized.
2014, 35(3): 13-20.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.002
Abstract:
Concentration, species and mobility of phosphorus and heavy metal in water and soil (sediment) are largely controlled by the surface sorption and desorption processes on iron,manganese and aluminum (hydro) oxides and closely related to people's health. In this paper,a description was given of the environmental effects of phosphorus (P) and heavy metal,and (hydro) oxides of iron,manganese and aluminum were taken as examples,aiming to make an overview of types of oxides in soil(sediment),possible adsorption mechanisms of phosphorus and heavy metal onto oxides(inner-sphere complexation, outersphere complexation and retention in the diffuse swarm)and adsorption models (empirical and semi-empirical isothermal equations,surface complexation model). Then, the main factors affecting the regulation of mobility of P and heavy metal by oxides were summarized and likely competitive and cooperative adsorption behaviors among different oxides were also presented. Obviously, it has been shown that the employment of new in-situ techniques is essential for examining the characteristics of adsorption and desorption occurring at the oxide/water interface at atomic and molecular level,thus being able to better understand the complex reaction processes in multi-interface systems including different oxides or oxide species.
Concentration, species and mobility of phosphorus and heavy metal in water and soil (sediment) are largely controlled by the surface sorption and desorption processes on iron,manganese and aluminum (hydro) oxides and closely related to people's health. In this paper,a description was given of the environmental effects of phosphorus (P) and heavy metal,and (hydro) oxides of iron,manganese and aluminum were taken as examples,aiming to make an overview of types of oxides in soil(sediment),possible adsorption mechanisms of phosphorus and heavy metal onto oxides(inner-sphere complexation, outersphere complexation and retention in the diffuse swarm)and adsorption models (empirical and semi-empirical isothermal equations,surface complexation model). Then, the main factors affecting the regulation of mobility of P and heavy metal by oxides were summarized and likely competitive and cooperative adsorption behaviors among different oxides were also presented. Obviously, it has been shown that the employment of new in-situ techniques is essential for examining the characteristics of adsorption and desorption occurring at the oxide/water interface at atomic and molecular level,thus being able to better understand the complex reaction processes in multi-interface systems including different oxides or oxide species.
2014, 35(3): 21-26.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.003
Abstract:
In this paper,based on Landsat TM and ETM image data,the model of damage of vegetation is established to evaluate the level of the vegetation damage, and the improved model of dimidiate pixel method is used to estimate the Fraction Cover(FC) of the study area. A description is given of the changes of FC and analysis is made of characteristics of its spatial distribution. The results have shown that:① from year 2009 to 2013, the average FC of LuShan reduced from 75.47% to 75.47% ②Vegetation of higher coverage had the largest area in the two periods, accounting for about 36% of the total area. A substantial reduction of area of highest rank of FC occurred in 2009, which mainly changed into middle FC in 2013. ③The area of mild decrease and stable area were dominant in the change of FC from 2009 to 2013, which accounted for 75.66% of the total area and the area of obvious reduction accounted for 9.68%. ④FC changed along with the elevation, slope and aspect. ⑤ The model of vegetation damage was established on basis of NDVI to estimate the vegetation damaged by the earthquake. Most of the severely damaged area was due to the landslide and collapse caused by the earthquake. By studying the damage of vegetation and dynamic variations for Vegetation Fraction Cover,the destruction of the vegetation by the earthquake disaster was revealed in order to provide better decision-making for the ecological restoration.
In this paper,based on Landsat TM and ETM image data,the model of damage of vegetation is established to evaluate the level of the vegetation damage, and the improved model of dimidiate pixel method is used to estimate the Fraction Cover(FC) of the study area. A description is given of the changes of FC and analysis is made of characteristics of its spatial distribution. The results have shown that:① from year 2009 to 2013, the average FC of LuShan reduced from 75.47% to 75.47% ②Vegetation of higher coverage had the largest area in the two periods, accounting for about 36% of the total area. A substantial reduction of area of highest rank of FC occurred in 2009, which mainly changed into middle FC in 2013. ③The area of mild decrease and stable area were dominant in the change of FC from 2009 to 2013, which accounted for 75.66% of the total area and the area of obvious reduction accounted for 9.68%. ④FC changed along with the elevation, slope and aspect. ⑤ The model of vegetation damage was established on basis of NDVI to estimate the vegetation damaged by the earthquake. Most of the severely damaged area was due to the landslide and collapse caused by the earthquake. By studying the damage of vegetation and dynamic variations for Vegetation Fraction Cover,the destruction of the vegetation by the earthquake disaster was revealed in order to provide better decision-making for the ecological restoration.
2014, 35(3): 27-31.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.004
Abstract:
In this paper,three kinds of forest gaps with different area (L1:50 m2, L2:100 m2, L3:150 m2) were set in a 50-years old Picea asperata plantation,and at the same time,the forest without cutting was set as control (CK). The soil was sampled in different soil layers(0~5 cm,5 cm~10 cm,10 cm~15 cm),and then was determined by adopting chloroform fumigation, aiming to study the effect of forest gap improvement on carbon and nitrogen content and vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass. The results showed that the forest gaps had significantly increased the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), and the bigger the gap's area was, the more the increase effect was. The contents of SMBC and SMBN in each soil layer was L3 > L2 > L1 > CK. In the three kind of gaps and CK,the contents of SMBC and SMBN decrease with the increase of soil depth, but in the 0~5 cm layer, the bigger the gap's area was, the proportion of the content SMBC and SMBN would become less.
In this paper,three kinds of forest gaps with different area (L1:50 m2, L2:100 m2, L3:150 m2) were set in a 50-years old Picea asperata plantation,and at the same time,the forest without cutting was set as control (CK). The soil was sampled in different soil layers(0~5 cm,5 cm~10 cm,10 cm~15 cm),and then was determined by adopting chloroform fumigation, aiming to study the effect of forest gap improvement on carbon and nitrogen content and vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass. The results showed that the forest gaps had significantly increased the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), and the bigger the gap's area was, the more the increase effect was. The contents of SMBC and SMBN in each soil layer was L3 > L2 > L1 > CK. In the three kind of gaps and CK,the contents of SMBC and SMBN decrease with the increase of soil depth, but in the 0~5 cm layer, the bigger the gap's area was, the proportion of the content SMBC and SMBN would become less.
2014, 35(3): 32-35.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.005
Abstract:
Based on the contrast between afforestation seedling growth and shrub community characteristics in arid valleys of closed forest area and the non-closed forest area,researches were conducted on the effect of closing forest on arid vegetation restoration. The results showed that on the same slope and elevation gradient,the afforestation seedlings survival rate and average tree growth in closed forest area were significantly higher than those in non-closed forest area,the difference between the change extent was respectively 21% (North SlopeⅠ)~31% (North Slope Ⅲ) and 42.7% (South SlopeⅠ) to 59.7% (South SlopeⅡ); the shrub coverage and height in the closed forest area were higher than those in non closed forest forest. The difference between average coverage range of shrub and herb was 1.1% (South SlopeⅠ)~26.7% (South SlopeⅡ) and 2.2% (South SlopeⅠ)~18.5% (South SlopeⅡ) between shrubs and herb;the difference of average height was between 8.2% ((South SlopeⅠ)~53.5% (North Slope Ⅲ)) and 17.9% (North Slope Ⅲ)~28.9% (North SlopeⅡ).
Based on the contrast between afforestation seedling growth and shrub community characteristics in arid valleys of closed forest area and the non-closed forest area,researches were conducted on the effect of closing forest on arid vegetation restoration. The results showed that on the same slope and elevation gradient,the afforestation seedlings survival rate and average tree growth in closed forest area were significantly higher than those in non-closed forest area,the difference between the change extent was respectively 21% (North SlopeⅠ)~31% (North Slope Ⅲ) and 42.7% (South SlopeⅠ) to 59.7% (South SlopeⅡ); the shrub coverage and height in the closed forest area were higher than those in non closed forest forest. The difference between average coverage range of shrub and herb was 1.1% (South SlopeⅠ)~26.7% (South SlopeⅡ) and 2.2% (South SlopeⅠ)~18.5% (South SlopeⅡ) between shrubs and herb;the difference of average height was between 8.2% ((South SlopeⅠ)~53.5% (North Slope Ⅲ)) and 17.9% (North Slope Ⅲ)~28.9% (North SlopeⅡ).
2014, 35(3): 36-38.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.006
Abstract:
8 fertilization modes plus a control test were implemented in this paper. The test results showed that the 9th fertilization mode N3P3K2 (250 g + 400 g urea superphosphate + 100 g potassium sulfate) should be selected for young Szemao pine plantations. As compared with on use of 9th fortilization mode the average tree height, DBH and volume (initial planting density:1 m* 2 m,2 m* 3 m) of the young plantation were separately enhanced by 29.14% and 48.64%, 18.1% and 23.3%, 74.14% and 106.25%. The best fertilizing time should be generally selected in May and June.
8 fertilization modes plus a control test were implemented in this paper. The test results showed that the 9th fertilization mode N3P3K2 (250 g + 400 g urea superphosphate + 100 g potassium sulfate) should be selected for young Szemao pine plantations. As compared with on use of 9th fortilization mode the average tree height, DBH and volume (initial planting density:1 m* 2 m,2 m* 3 m) of the young plantation were separately enhanced by 29.14% and 48.64%, 18.1% and 23.3%, 74.14% and 106.25%. The best fertilizing time should be generally selected in May and June.
2014, 35(3): 39-41,26.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.007
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 42-44.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.008
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 45-47.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.009
Abstract:
In order to analyze the effects of leaf nutrient elements on nut quality of superior Juglans sigillata in Qiannan Prefecture, the variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to research the correlation between leaf nutrient elements and nut quality. The results showed that there was a significant difference in nut quality indices of different varieties of superior Juglans sigillata tree; the calcium, copper and manganese of leaves significantly influenced the nut quality of superior Juglans sigillata tree. The nut quality of superior Juglans sigillata tree could be improved by nutrition diagnosis of leaves.
In order to analyze the effects of leaf nutrient elements on nut quality of superior Juglans sigillata in Qiannan Prefecture, the variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to research the correlation between leaf nutrient elements and nut quality. The results showed that there was a significant difference in nut quality indices of different varieties of superior Juglans sigillata tree; the calcium, copper and manganese of leaves significantly influenced the nut quality of superior Juglans sigillata tree. The nut quality of superior Juglans sigillata tree could be improved by nutrition diagnosis of leaves.
2014, 35(3): 48-50.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.010
Abstract:
In present paper,studies were made of the effect of types of nutrition soil on the seedling growth of Pinus radiata for three years. The results showed that with the nutrition bag of 10 cm×15 cm, the average height of the seedlings was 23.2cm, and the average ground diameter was 0.3cm, reaching the standard of the first grade seedlings.
In present paper,studies were made of the effect of types of nutrition soil on the seedling growth of Pinus radiata for three years. The results showed that with the nutrition bag of 10 cm×15 cm, the average height of the seedlings was 23.2cm, and the average ground diameter was 0.3cm, reaching the standard of the first grade seedlings.
2014, 35(3): 51-53.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.011
Abstract:
Although the bamboo resources are widely distributed in the Emei Mountain area,various kinds of bamboos have different growth time of bamboo shoots. To find suitable edible bamboos for giant pandas, feeding studies were made of eight bamboo shoots in the Emei Mountain area. The results showed that there were five kinds of bamboo shoots suitable for feeding giant pandas from April to October in each year,thus providing an important food source for the ex-situ conservation of giant pandas.
Although the bamboo resources are widely distributed in the Emei Mountain area,various kinds of bamboos have different growth time of bamboo shoots. To find suitable edible bamboos for giant pandas, feeding studies were made of eight bamboo shoots in the Emei Mountain area. The results showed that there were five kinds of bamboo shoots suitable for feeding giant pandas from April to October in each year,thus providing an important food source for the ex-situ conservation of giant pandas.
2014, 35(3): 54-58.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.012
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 59-60.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.013
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 61-64.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.014
Abstract:
In this paper,studies were made of seed characteristics and germination conditions of Malus toringoides collected from Luhuo County in western Sichuan. The results showed that Malus toringoides seeds were small grains, and had a conical or kidney-like shape. The size of seeds was (4.330 ±0.23) mm×(1.980 ±0.18) mm, the ratio of length to width was (2.180 ±0.12), and the thousand-grain weight of full seeds was 6.83 g, while the viability of seed was low (75%). In addition, cold stratification or gibberellins (GA) could break dormancy and improve germination within certain limits. Different duration time of cold stratification and concentration of GA had different effects on seed germination. The cold stratification for 15d or soaking seed with GA concentration of 300 mg per litre was at best and their germination rate was 94.53% and 82.59%, respectively.
In this paper,studies were made of seed characteristics and germination conditions of Malus toringoides collected from Luhuo County in western Sichuan. The results showed that Malus toringoides seeds were small grains, and had a conical or kidney-like shape. The size of seeds was (4.330 ±0.23) mm×(1.980 ±0.18) mm, the ratio of length to width was (2.180 ±0.12), and the thousand-grain weight of full seeds was 6.83 g, while the viability of seed was low (75%). In addition, cold stratification or gibberellins (GA) could break dormancy and improve germination within certain limits. Different duration time of cold stratification and concentration of GA had different effects on seed germination. The cold stratification for 15d or soaking seed with GA concentration of 300 mg per litre was at best and their germination rate was 94.53% and 82.59%, respectively.
2014, 35(3): 65-69.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.015
Abstract:
In September 2002, May 2006 and July 2005, investigations were made of the basic resources in Qianfo Mountain Nature Reserve,Sichuan province. A summary of these collections showed that there were 81 species mammals in Qianfo Mountain Nature Reserve. An investigation of the biogeographic origin of this mammal fauna indicated that 61 species belonged to the Oriental realm, 15 species belonged to Palearctic realm and 5 species were widely distributed. Among all the total species in this area there were 17 species of national-protected rare mammals. Among them,there were 6 first grade protected rare mammals and 11 second grade protected mammals,and besides,there were 34 species of mammals endemic to China.
In September 2002, May 2006 and July 2005, investigations were made of the basic resources in Qianfo Mountain Nature Reserve,Sichuan province. A summary of these collections showed that there were 81 species mammals in Qianfo Mountain Nature Reserve. An investigation of the biogeographic origin of this mammal fauna indicated that 61 species belonged to the Oriental realm, 15 species belonged to Palearctic realm and 5 species were widely distributed. Among all the total species in this area there were 17 species of national-protected rare mammals. Among them,there were 6 first grade protected rare mammals and 11 second grade protected mammals,and besides,there were 34 species of mammals endemic to China.
2014, 35(3): 70-75.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.016
Abstract:
In this article, studies were made of cultivation techniques of Toona sinensis as pollution-free forest vegetables in the north, northeast, central, west, south, and east areas of the Sichuan Basin, and types of site conditions of Toona sinensis were divided. It was concluded that high quality Chinese toona had high-yield buds. And comprehensive quality of high-quality toona buds were ranked,aiming to evaluate their ecological,economic and social benefits.
In this article, studies were made of cultivation techniques of Toona sinensis as pollution-free forest vegetables in the north, northeast, central, west, south, and east areas of the Sichuan Basin, and types of site conditions of Toona sinensis were divided. It was concluded that high quality Chinese toona had high-yield buds. And comprehensive quality of high-quality toona buds were ranked,aiming to evaluate their ecological,economic and social benefits.
2014, 35(3): 76-78.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.017
Abstract:
This paper deals with the status of actual production and development trend of controlling forest pest in China, and points out the cost concept and elements of composition on controlling forest pest in combination with the traditional forest-protection knowledge and the method of economics and management. The control cost is the sum of total input cost of consumed resources or the required spending in the process of controlling forest pest in certain area. The cost elements of controlling forest pest consist of 3 parts:survey cost,quarantine cost and controlling cost, including the all cost of medicament, machinery, aircraft,yard,traffic,inspection,labor and so on.
This paper deals with the status of actual production and development trend of controlling forest pest in China, and points out the cost concept and elements of composition on controlling forest pest in combination with the traditional forest-protection knowledge and the method of economics and management. The control cost is the sum of total input cost of consumed resources or the required spending in the process of controlling forest pest in certain area. The cost elements of controlling forest pest consist of 3 parts:survey cost,quarantine cost and controlling cost, including the all cost of medicament, machinery, aircraft,yard,traffic,inspection,labor and so on.
2014, 35(3): 79-80,107.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.018
Abstract:
In 2009,investigation was conducted on small mammals in the south-east of the Gongga mountain in Jiulong County. Results showed that there were 24 small mammals found in this area, which belonged to 3 orders and 7 families. The very rare species, Kangding vole (Eothenomys hintoni), was collected,which was the first specimen in China. Besides, it also was the second collected specimen in the world after this subspecies (Eothenomys custos hintoni) was established.
In 2009,investigation was conducted on small mammals in the south-east of the Gongga mountain in Jiulong County. Results showed that there were 24 small mammals found in this area, which belonged to 3 orders and 7 families. The very rare species, Kangding vole (Eothenomys hintoni), was collected,which was the first specimen in China. Besides, it also was the second collected specimen in the world after this subspecies (Eothenomys custos hintoni) was established.
2014, 35(3): 81-82.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.019
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 83-86.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.020
Abstract:
In this paper, comparison and analysis were made of the statistical data of Pingba in the year 1985,1995,2005 and 2013. The results showed that the forest area and the forest resources and the forest coverage rate were improved very greatly. But there also were some problems existing in forest resources in Pingba county. Through analyzing the problem of forest resources, some classification measures were put forward for ensuring the sustainable development of forest resources.
In this paper, comparison and analysis were made of the statistical data of Pingba in the year 1985,1995,2005 and 2013. The results showed that the forest area and the forest resources and the forest coverage rate were improved very greatly. But there also were some problems existing in forest resources in Pingba county. Through analyzing the problem of forest resources, some classification measures were put forward for ensuring the sustainable development of forest resources.
2014, 35(3): 87-89.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.021
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 90-93,50.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.022
Abstract:
The urbinazation of villages in Wolong Nature Reserve has produced a wide range of effects. How to solve the contradiction between the rapid growth of consumption and slow economic development and the contradictions of industrial development and ecological protection has become a major thing in the social stability of protected areas. Conforming to the National Environmental Protection Policy and introducing the market economy rules can be a long-term plan for resolving the protection and development.
The urbinazation of villages in Wolong Nature Reserve has produced a wide range of effects. How to solve the contradiction between the rapid growth of consumption and slow economic development and the contradictions of industrial development and ecological protection has become a major thing in the social stability of protected areas. Conforming to the National Environmental Protection Policy and introducing the market economy rules can be a long-term plan for resolving the protection and development.
2014, 35(3): 94-96,64.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.023
Abstract:
Conversion Project of Cropland to Forest is a complicated social systematic project. The achievements of conversion of cropland to forest in Wenchuan county were summarized in this paper. And based on the current status and problems, some suggestions were put forward for consolidateion of the achievements.
Conversion Project of Cropland to Forest is a complicated social systematic project. The achievements of conversion of cropland to forest in Wenchuan county were summarized in this paper. And based on the current status and problems, some suggestions were put forward for consolidateion of the achievements.
2014, 35(3): 97-100.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.024
Abstract:
As a new forestry industry,forest tourism should explore and inherit the forest eco-culture and promote its sound development. The Wawu Mountain is a National Forest Park, a Provincial Nature Reserve and a Provincial Geopark in Hongya, Sichuan Province. At the same time of developing forest tourism and protecting natural ecology, urgent attention should be paid on the forest eco-culture protection and inheritance and fully realizing the organic integration of culture and tourism.
As a new forestry industry,forest tourism should explore and inherit the forest eco-culture and promote its sound development. The Wawu Mountain is a National Forest Park, a Provincial Nature Reserve and a Provincial Geopark in Hongya, Sichuan Province. At the same time of developing forest tourism and protecting natural ecology, urgent attention should be paid on the forest eco-culture protection and inheritance and fully realizing the organic integration of culture and tourism.
2014, 35(3): 101-103,112.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.025
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 104-107.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.026
Abstract:
2014, 35(3): 108-109.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.027
Abstract:
It is a good measure to use man-made (band girdle stem) wilt pines to allure Monochamus alternatus Hope and kill them. Three-year experiments have shown that it is a kind of safe, pollution-free and easily operated method of controlling Monochamus alternatus Hope.
It is a good measure to use man-made (band girdle stem) wilt pines to allure Monochamus alternatus Hope and kill them. Three-year experiments have shown that it is a kind of safe, pollution-free and easily operated method of controlling Monochamus alternatus Hope.
2014, 35(3): 110-112.
doi: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2014.03.028
Abstract:
