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兰科是被子植物大科之一,我国约有181属1708种[1]。四川省位于中国西南内陆,地处青藏高原与长江中下游平原之间的过渡地带,地势高差悬殊,地貌类型和气候条件复杂多样,为植物区系的演化提供了有利因素[2-3]。四川省兰科植物多样性丰富,但系统性的调查研究仍不够充分,《四川植物志》自1981年陆续出版以来,兰科卷仍然空缺,不同学者在不同空间尺度的区系研究中对四川省兰科植物种类的统计尚有不小差异[4-6]。近年来,随着各项野外科考深入开展,四川省发现的兰科植物新种和新记录种还在不断增加[7-14]。
国家林业和草原局于2018年启动了四川、云南、贵州等省的野生兰科植物资源专项调查。在该项目的支持下,我们在四川南部发现了一个四川新记录种——高山兰(Herminium handelii X.H. Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & L.Q. Huang);还发现了齿缘小红门兰(Ponerorchis crenulata (Schltr.) Soó)和齿唇沼兰(Crepidium orbiculare (W.W. Smith & Jeffrey) Seidenf.)在四川的新分布点,这两个种曾分别有过在四川的标本或文献记录,但尚未被《中国植物志》、Flora of China、《中国生物物种名录:2021年度版》等志书收录。在此,我们对这3个种予以报道。
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Ponerorchis crenulata (Schltr.) Soó, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 353. 1966. — Orchis crenulata Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 373. 1924, not Gilibert (1792). — Chusua crenulata (Schltr.) P.F. Hunt, Kew Bull. 26: 174. 1971. — Ponerorchis schlechteri Perner & Y.B. Luo, nom. illeg. superfl. Type: China, Yunnan, western flank of the Lichiang Range, Forrest 5786 (Holotype: E!).
地理分布:中国(云南;四川木里、乡城、松潘)。
研究标本:四川省:木里县,海拔4180 m,2020年7月15日,唐颖、王雪鳗和袁文琴205(成都理工大学旅游与城乡规划学院实验中心标本室!);乡城县,海拔3900~4700 m,2004年7月15日,D.E. Boufford, J.-H. Chen, S.L. Kelley, J. Li, R.H. Ree, H. Sun & Y.-H. Zhang 30757(A!);松潘县,海拔3953 m,2020年6月26日,余奇YuQi0036(CDBI!)。
通过标本和文献查阅,我们发现齿缘小红门兰早有在四川省的记录。P. Cribb将一份2004年乡城县日照神山的标本鉴定为西藏无柱兰(Amitostigma tibeticum Schltr. ≡ Ponerorchis tibetica (Schltr.) X.H. Jin, Schuit. & W.T. Jin)。然而,西藏无柱兰与齿缘小红门兰有明显的形态差异(见表1;图2)。因此,我们认为这份标本应当是齿缘小红门兰。《黄龙兰花》一书作者(可能早在2002年)在松潘县黄龙雪山梁调查到齿缘小红门兰,但命名时新拟了Ponerorchis schlechteri Perner & Y.B. Luo(施氏小蝶兰)[18],Flora of China随后处理了P. schlechteri命名冗余的问题,将之归并到P. crenulata(齿缘小红门兰),但没有增补其地理分布范围,仍记载齿缘小红门兰为滇西北特有[15]。
表 1 齿缘小红门兰与西藏无柱兰的形态特征比较
Table 1. Morphological comparisons between Ponerorchis crenulata and P. tibetica
物种 Species 齿缘小红门兰 Ponerorchis crenulata 西藏无柱兰 P. tibetica 叶 Leaf 具2枚叶片,生于茎基部
2-leaved, basal具1枚叶片,生于茎近基部
1-leaved, subbasal花序 Inflorescence 仅具1朵花
1-flowered仅具1朵花
1-flowered唇瓣 Lip 外形近圆形,不裂,基部近心形,边缘具啮蚀状不规则的细圆齿
broadly ovate to suborbicular, not lobed, base contracted and subcordate, margin irregularly erose-crenulate轮廓为倒卵形或心形,3裂,边缘具钝的锯齿,基部宽楔形,侧裂片斜卵状三角形,中裂片倒心形
obovate to obcordate, 3-lobed, margin irregularly serrate, base broadly cuneate, lateral lobes ovate-triangular, mid-lobe obcordate图 2 齿缘小红门兰和西藏无柱兰的形态特征比较
Figure 2. Comparison of morphological characteristics between Ponerorchis crenulata and P. tibetica
我们调查到的齿缘小红门兰同样分布于木里县博窝乡的高海拔山区。通过对该区域内大量植株的观察,还发现齿缘小红门兰极罕有花为白色的个体(见图1E)。
New Contributions of Orchidaceae Flora in Sichuan Province
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摘要: 本文报道了四川省兰科(Orchidaceae)植物一个新记录种——高山兰(Herminium handelii X.H. Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & L.Q. Huang),并报道了齿缘小红门兰(Ponerorchis crenulata (Schltr.) Soó)和齿唇沼兰(Crepidium orbiculare (W.W. Smith & Jeffrey) Seidenf.)在四川省的重新发现。本文还提供了这3个种的植株和生境的照片。Abstract: In this paper, a newly recorded species of Orchidaceae in Sichuan—Herminium handelii X.H. Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & L.Q. Huang was reported. Meanwhile, the rediscovery of both Ponerorchis crenulata (Schltr.) Soó and Crepidium orbiculare (W.W. Smith & Jeffrey) Seidenf. were also reported in Sichuan province. Photos of all three species and their habitats were also provided.
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Key words:
- Sichuan;
- Orchidaceae;
- New record;
- Rediscovery
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图 2 齿缘小红门兰和西藏无柱兰的形态特征比较
A-B:齿缘小红门兰(Ponerorchis crenulata),摄于四川木里。C-D:西藏无柱兰(P. tibetica),摄于云南贡山。摄影:唐颖。
Fig. 2 Comparison of morphological characteristics between Ponerorchis crenulata and P. tibetica
A-B. Ponerorchis crenulata in Muli, Sichuan. C-D. P. tibetica in Gongshan, Yunnan. Photographer: Tang Y.
图 1 四川兰科新记录种和重新发现的种
A-C:高山兰(Herminium handelii)的花、植株和生境,摄于四川木里。D-F:齿缘小红门兰(Ponerorchis crenulata)的典型植株、具白色花的植株、生境,摄于四川木里。G-I:齿唇沼兰(Crepidium orbiculare)的花、植株和生境,摄于四川盐边。摄影:唐颖。
Fig. 1 Newly recorded and rediscovered species of Orchidaceae in Sichuan
A-C. Herminium handelii, flower, plant and habitat in Muli, Sichuan. D-F. Ponerorchis crenulata, a typical plant, a plant with white-colored flower and habitat in Muli, Sichuan. G-I. Crepidium orbiculare, flower, plant and habitat in Yanbian, Sichuan. Photographer: Tang Y.
表 1 齿缘小红门兰与西藏无柱兰的形态特征比较
Tab. 1 Morphological comparisons between Ponerorchis crenulata and P. tibetica
物种 Species 齿缘小红门兰 Ponerorchis crenulata 西藏无柱兰 P. tibetica 叶 Leaf 具2枚叶片,生于茎基部
2-leaved, basal具1枚叶片,生于茎近基部
1-leaved, subbasal花序 Inflorescence 仅具1朵花
1-flowered仅具1朵花
1-flowered唇瓣 Lip 外形近圆形,不裂,基部近心形,边缘具啮蚀状不规则的细圆齿
broadly ovate to suborbicular, not lobed, base contracted and subcordate, margin irregularly erose-crenulate轮廓为倒卵形或心形,3裂,边缘具钝的锯齿,基部宽楔形,侧裂片斜卵状三角形,中裂片倒心形
obovate to obcordate, 3-lobed, margin irregularly serrate, base broadly cuneate, lateral lobes ovate-triangular, mid-lobe obcordate -
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