-
微生物在土壤里的种类是十分复杂的,数量大,种类多,据有些学者估算,在1 g的土壤中就有10亿个微生物个体数量,细菌种类更是不计其数,至少有数万种[1-2]。由于土壤微环境和物质组成的复杂性,所以土壤微生物多样性丰富,主要体现在结构、功能、遗传和物种等四个方面[3-4]。而影响土壤微生物多样性的因素也有很多,本文主要通过阅读国内外相关文献从水分、土壤pH值、温度、植被类型、土壤类型、颗粒大小、耕作制度和施肥措施等方面来分析土壤微生物多样性的变化情况。目前,土壤微生物的一些相关研究已经成为近些年来土壤生态学研究的热门和前沿学科,开展这方面的研究具有重大意义,最近几年,由于人类对土地资源的过度开发利用和环境污染越来越严重,导致土壤中微生物多样性也遭到了极大的破坏,我们可以通过对土壤微生物多样性的研究来评估和预测土壤的质量、肥力等变化情况,同时也能进一步探讨土壤地表上优势种群的功能,为土地资源在开发利用和可持续方面提供一些理论依据,还可以对其在生态中发挥的作用有一个认知和了解[5-6]。
Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Soil Microbial Diversity from Microscopic Perspective
More Information-
摘要: 土壤微生物是森林生态系统中十分重要的一个组分部分,大量研究表明,生态系统的功能、结构以及土壤肥力会受到土壤微生物的直接影响。本文通过对土壤微生物多样性相关文献的查阅、整理、归纳,总结了其研究进展,目前,关于土壤微生物多样性的研究主要集中在物种、遗传、结构、功能等四个方面。还从微观角度分析了其影响因素,自然因素主要涉及水分,土壤pH值、土壤温度以及植被等方面,人为因素主要涉及种植制度和施肥两个方面。Abstract: Soil microorganisms are a very important component of forest ecosystem. A large number of studies have shown that the function, structure and soil fertility of ecosystem are directly affected by soil microorganisms. In this paper, the research progress of soil microbial diversity was summarized by reviewing, sorting and summarizing relevant literature. At present, the research on soil microbial diversity mainly focuses on species, heredity, structure and function. The influence factors are also analyzed from the micro point of view. The natural factors mainly involve water, soil pH value, soil temperature and vegetation, and the human factors mainly involve planting system and fertilization.
-
Key words:
- Soil microorganisms;
- Diversity;
- Influencing factors
-
[1] Razanamalala Kanto, Razafimbelo Tantely, Maron Pierre-Alain, et al. Soil microbial diversity drives the priming effect along climate gradients: a case study in Madagascar.[J]. The ISME journal, 2018, 12(2): 451−462. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2017.178 [2] 刘国华,叶正芳,吴为中. 土壤微生物群落多样性解析法: 从培养到非培养[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(14):4421−4433. [3] 陶玉柱,邸雪颖. 火对森林土壤微生物群落的干扰作用及其机制研究进展[J]. 林业科学,2013,49(11):146−157. [4] Singh Ngangbam Somen, Tripathi S. K. Litter mass loss rate changes as function of soil microbial diversity and litter chemical quality in tropical and sub-tropical forest of Mizoram: A microcosm study[J]. Indian Journal of Ecology, 2020, 47(3): 792−798. [5] Liu Yang, Zhang Xia, Yang Mei Ling, et al. Study on the correlation between soil microbial diversity and ambient environmental factors influencing the safflower distribution in Xinjiang.[J]. Journal of basic microbiology, 2020, 60(6): 517−531. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201900626 [6] Kelly Hamonts, Andrew Bissett, Ben C. T. Macdonald, et al. Effects of ecological restoration on soil microbial diversity in a temperate grassy woodland[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2017: 117−118. [7] 解雪峰,项琦,吴涛,等. 滨海湿地生态系统土壤微生物及其影响因素研究综述[J]. 生态学报,2021,41(1):1−12. [8] 弋嘉喜,李娟. 矿区复垦土壤微生物多样性研究进展[J]. 农业科技与信息,2018(11):42−45. doi: 10.15979/j.cnki.cn62-1057/s.2018.11.017 [9] 李香真,郭良栋,李家宝,等. 中国土壤微生物多样性监测的现状和思考[J]. 生物多样性,2016,24(11):1240−1248. doi: 10.17520/biods.2015345 [10] 曹宏杰,倪红伟. 土壤微生物多样性及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 国土与自然资源研究,2015(3):85−88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-7853.2015.03.024 [11] 邵英男,李云红,刘延坤,等. 兴安落叶松人工林土壤微生物与环境因子的关系[J]. 林业科技,2014,39(4):24−25. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9499.2014.04.009 [12] 王佩瑶,张璇,袁文娟,等. 土壤微生物多样性及其影响因素[J]. 绿色科技,2021,23(8):163−164+167. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9944.2021.08.056 [13] DeMing JIANG, ChengYou CAO, Ying ZHANG, et al. Plantations of native shrub species restore soil microbial diversity in the Horqin Sandy Land, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2014, 6(4): 445−453. doi: 10.1007/s40333-013-0205-8 [14] 李雪海,尚杰,耿增超. 我国森林土壤微生物多样性研究进展[J]. 陕西林业科技,2015(6):52−57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2117.2015.06.016 [15] Rondon M R, August P R, Bettermann A D, et al. Cloning the soil metagenome: a strategy for accessing the genetic and functional diversity of uncultured microorganisms.[J]. Applied and environmental microbiology, 2000, 66(6): 2541−7. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.6.2541-2547.2000 [16] 杨海君,肖启明,刘安元. 土壤微生物多样性及其作用研究进展[J]. 南华大学学报(自然科学版),2005(4):21−26+31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0062.2005.04.006 [17] Zike Xue, Xueli He, Yiling Zuo. Community composition and catabolic functional diversity of soil microbes affected by Hedysarum scoparium in arid desert regions of northwest China[J]. Arid Land Research and Management, 2020, 34(2): 152−170. doi: 10.1080/15324982.2019.1637968 [18] 陆欣春,郑永照,韩晓增,等. 生物炭对白浆土土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 土壤与作物,2021,10(2):194−201. doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2021.02.008 [19] 刘秉儒,张秀珍,胡天华,等. 贺兰山不同海拔典型植被带土壤微生物多样性[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(22):7211−7220. [20] Valentina Imparato, Veronika Hansen, Susana S. Santos, et al. Gasification biochar has limited effects on functional and structural diversity of soil microbial communities in a temperate agroecosystem[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016, 99: 128−136. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.05.004 [21] 刘震,徐玉鹏,王秀领,等. 黑龙港苜蓿根际土壤真菌群落结构及多样性分析[J]. 江苏农业科学,2021,49(10):197−201. doi: 10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2021.10.037 [22] Erika Gömöryová, Katarína Střelcová, Jaroslav Škvarenina, et al. Responses of soil microorganisms and water content in forest floor horizons to environmental factors[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2013, 55: 71−76. doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2012.12.001 [23] 邵颖,刘长海. 土壤微生物与植被、温度及水分关系的研究进展[J]. 延安大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(4):43−48. [24] Marion Prudent, Samuel Dequiedt, Camille Sorin, et al. The diversity of soil microbial communities matters when legumes face drought[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2020, 43(4): 1023−1035. [25] 朱义族,李雅颖,韩继刚,等. 水分条件变化对土壤微生物的影响及其响应机制研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报,2019,30(12):4323−4332. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201912.031 [26] 张传更,高阳,张立明,等. 水分管理措施对施用有机肥麦田土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2018,37(02):38−44. doi: 10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0221 [27] 张超宇,程林,韩梅,等. 不同水分处理对白浆参地土壤微生物群落功能多样性和土壤状况的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2017(17):132−138. doi: 10.11937/bfyy.20170522 [28] de Souza Adijailton Jose, de Andrade Pedro Avelino Maia, de Araújo Pereira Arthur Prudêncio, et al. The depleted mineralization of the fungicide chlorothalonil derived from loss in soil microbial diversity.[J]. Scientific reports, 2017, 7(1): 14646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14803-0 [29] Jiaoyan Ying, Xiaoxiao Li, Nana Wang, et al. Contrasting effects of nitrogen forms and soil pH on ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and their responses to long-term nitrogen fertilization in a typical steppe ecosystem[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2017, 107: 10−18. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.12.023 [30] 王海斌,陈晓婷,丁力,邱丰艳,叶江华,贾小丽,孔祥海,何海斌. 土壤酸度对茶树根际土壤微生物群落多样性影响[J]. 热带作物学报,2018,39(3):448−454. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2018.03.007 [31] 张彦军,郭胜利. 环境因子对土壤微生物呼吸及其温度敏感性变化特征的影响[J]. 环境科学,2019,40(3):1446−1456. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201705155 [32] Barreiro Ana, Lombao Alba, Martín Angela, et al. Soil Heating at High Temperatures and Different Water Content: Effects on the Soil Microorganisms[J]. Geosciences, 2020, 10(9): 355−355. doi: 10.3390/geosciences10090355 [33] 孙馨宇,张枭,张鹏,等. 温度、水分及有机物料对苹果园土壤有机碳转化和微生物群落多样性的影响[J]. 土壤通报,2018,49(4):822−833. doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2018.04.10 [34] Huili Wu, Wenhua Xiang, Shuai Ouyang, et al. Linkage between tree species richness and soil microbial diversity improves phosphorus bioavailability[J]. Functional Ecology, 2019, 33(8): 1549−1560. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13355 [35] 刘旻霞,蒋晓轩,李全弟,等. 兰州北山不同植被土壤可培养微生物丰度变化特征及影响因素[J]. 中国环境科学,2020,40(06):2683−2691. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2020.06.039 [36] 牟凌,吴宏蕾,顾国军,等. 云南岩溶断陷盆地4种植被类型土壤微生物和酶活性特征[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2020,26(05):1081−1086. doi: 10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x.2019.09065 [37] Yadong Xu, Wei Zhang, Zekun Zhong, et al. Vegetation Restoration Alters the Diversity and Community Composition of Soil Nitrogen‐Fixing Microorganisms in the Loess Hilly Region of China[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2019, 83(5): 1378−1386. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2019.03.0066 [38] 曹宏杰,王立民,徐明怡,等. 五大连池新期火山熔岩台地不同植被类型土壤微生物群落的功能多样性[J]. 生态学报,2019,39(21):7927−7937. [39] 陈娟,刘周斌,欧立军. 不同类型土壤种植辣椒前后微生物多样性比较[J]. 中国农学通报,2021,37(10):84−93. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0259 [40] 卜洪震, 王丽宏, 肖小平, 等. 双季稻区稻田不同土壤类型的微生物群落多样性分析[J] 作物学报, 2010, 36(05): 826-832. [41] 马琳. 土壤微生物多样性影响因素及研究方法综述[J]. 乡村科技,2019(33):112−113. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7909.2019.33.062 [42] Letizia Abis, Benjamin Loubet, Raluca Ciuraru, et al. Reduced microbial diversity induces larger volatile organic compound emissions from soils[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 6104−6104. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63091-8 [43] R Gómez, M Liebman, G Munkvold. Weed seed decay in conventional and diversified cropping systems[J]. Weed Research, 2014, 54(1): 13−25. doi: 10.1111/wre.12052 [44] Cui Yu, Yong Li, Rongli Mo, et al. Effects of long-term straw retention on soil microorganisms under a rice–wheat cropping system[J]. Archives of Microbiology, 2020, 202(7): 1915−1927. doi: 10.1007/s00203-020-01899-8 [45] 吴凤芝,王学征. 黄瓜与小麦和大豆轮作对土壤微生物群落物种多样性的影响[J]. 园艺学报,2007(6):1543−1546. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353x.2007.06.033 [46] Luciana D’Acunto, María Semmartin, Claudio M. Ghersa. Uncultivated margins are source of soil microbial diversity in an agricultural landscape[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2016, 220: 1−7. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.032 [47] 姬艳艳,张贵龙,张瑞,等. 耕作方式对农田土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2013,29(6):117−123. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2013.06.022 [48] 王文鹏,毛如志,陈建斌,等. 种植方式对玉米不同生长期土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1293−1301. doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150228 [49] Zhi-Bo Zhao, Ji-Zheng He, Stefan Geisen, et al. Protist communities are more sensitive to nitrogen fertilization than other microorganisms in diverse agricultural soils[J]. BioMed Central, 2019, 7(1): 33. [50] Shun Han, Xuesong Luo, Shuang Tan, et al. Soil aggregates impact nitrifying microorganisms in a vertisol under diverse fertilization regimes[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2020, 71(3): 536−547. doi: 10.1111/ejss.12881 [51] Zheng KaiKai, Ma ZhiYuan, Sun Bo, et al. [Effects of Fertilization Strategies on the Cadmium Resistance of Paddy Soil Microorganisms].[J]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue, 2021, 42(1): 394−402. [52] 张恩平,田悦悦,李猛,等. 长期不同施肥对番茄根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2018,38(14):5027−5036. [53] 张雅坤,彭赛,宋倩云,等. 不同施肥模式对杨树人工林土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):1−8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.05.001
计量
- 文章访问数: 707
- HTML全文浏览量: 280
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0