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木质部细胞类型、数量、形态和排列方式决定了木材的性质[1]。人们对一个树种木材高效利用的前提主要依赖于对其材性的研究和了解[2]。树干解析是研究树木生长和材性生长的基本方法,也是最为成熟的方法。油麦吊云杉(Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz. var. complanata (Mast.) Cheng ex Rehd.)是松科(Pinaceae Lindl.)云杉属(Picea Dietr.)麦吊云杉(Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz)的变种,为我国特有树种,主要生长于四川、湖北、陕西、甘肃等海拔1 500~2 900 m地带,少部分生境海拔可达3 500 m;其树体高大,木材坚韧,纹理细密,是优良的用材树种,宜选作森林更新或荒山造林树种[3]。油麦吊云杉遭人为破坏严重,天然林资源减少,1999年8月4日公布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》中,油麦吊云杉列为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物。目前,对油麦吊云杉的研究主要集中在繁育技术、自然更新、营造林技术和人工林生长等方面[4-8]。而对油麦吊云杉木材解剖和材性性质的研究几乎没有,因此,本研究拟通过对麦吊云杉解剖形态和材性性状的径向变异规律,以期为油麦吊云杉的木材加工利用和采伐期预测提供科学依据。。
Analysis of Wood Anatomical Properties and Wood properties of Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz. var. complanata (Mast.) Cheng ex Rehd.
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摘要: 以油麦吊云杉(Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz. var. complanata (Mast.) Cheng ex Rehd.)解析木圆盘为研究对象,通过木材解剖测定其年轮宽度、管胞长度与宽度、管胞腔径/双壁厚度形态特征和木材含水率、干缩性质与密度等材性性状的径向变异规律。结果表明,油麦吊云杉为较速生树种,平均年轮宽度为5.17 mm,在1~17年间均保持较为旺盛的次生生长。管胞长度、宽度、双壁厚和腔径从髓心向外均呈逐渐增加的趋势,分别为1363.98~3498.38 mm、28.41~43.50 mm、4.22~6.55 μm和13.74~37.20 μm。木材气干含水率呈逐渐增加的趋势,而生材含水率先缓慢增加,后下降趋于平缓。木材干缩率和密度没有明显的变异规律,整体上趋于稳定状态。综合分析,油麦吊云杉较速生,培育人工林可在17~20 年间进行采伐,可获得相对较高的木材收益。Abstract: In this study, the disks of Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz. var. complanata (Mast.) Cheng ex Rehd. were chosen as the research object, the morphological characteristics of ring width, tracheid length and width, tracheid thickness of double wall, tracheid lumen diameter, and timber character of wood moisture, dry shrinkage property, and density were measured by the wood anatomic method, in order to study the radial variation law of wood properties. The results showed that Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz. var. complanata (Mast.) Cheng ex Rehd. was a relatively fast-growing tree species with an average ring width of 5.17 mm, and maintained vigorous secondary growth from 1 to 17 years. The tracheid length, width, thickness of double wall and lumen diameter increased gradually from the pith to the outside, which were 1363.98−3498.38 mm, 28.41−43.50 mm, 4.22−6.55 μm, and 13.74−37.20 μm respectively. The water content of air dried wood showed an increasing trend, and the moisture content of raw wood increased slowly at first, and then decreased gradually. There were no obvious variation in shrinkage rate of wood and wood density, showing a stable state on the whole. The results indicated that Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz. var. complanata (Mast.) Cheng ex Rehd. was a relative fast-growing tree species, and the harvest time could was between 17−20 years, which could obtain a relative high timber income.
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