Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different land use types on soil microbial community, soil bacteria and fungi under five common land use types (urban greenland, farmland, plantation woodland, tidal wetland, abandoned farmland) in Pengzhou were investigated by using high-throughput sequencing technique (MiSeq). The results showed that: (1) A total 37 phyla, 106 classes, 278 orders, 491 families, 959 genera, 2137 species of soil bacteria were dectected. The main dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. There were 1033 species of soil fungi belonging to 627 genera, 295 families, 118 orders, 46 classes, 17 phyla, and the dominant phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. (2) There were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties and the soil microbial diversity under five land use types. Soil microbial diversity was low in farmland but higher in urban greenland and tidal wetland. While in plantation woodland, there was less bacterial diversity and more fungal diversity. Pearson correlation analysis and RDA analysis revealed that soil physical and chemical properties had strong impacts on soil bacterial diversity, but had little influence on fungi. At the same time, soil pH was the main environmental factor affecting microbial diversity and community structure in this study. The results showed that continuous Chinese fir plantation and crop cultivation reduced the microbial diversity, while urban green land and tidal wetland provided a stable living environment for soil microorganisms, which indicated that different land use types had significant impacts on soil microbial community structure and diversity.