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山桐子(Idesia polycarpa Maxim.)是大风子科(Flacourtiaceae)山桐子属(Idesia)的落叶乔木[1],又称油葡萄、水冬瓜(陕西、四川、浙江)和水冬桐等[2]。原产于中国,集中分布在中国四川、陕西、重庆和贵州等省(市)[3],在日本、朝鲜和韩国也有分布[4]。
山桐子作为优良的木本油料树种,具有生长适应性强,果实产量高等突出特点,近年来山桐子已成为四川、湖北和贵州等省(市)备受青睐的优良乡土木本油料树种。山桐子树形美观,花橙黄色,是优良蜜源植物;果实在秋冬季节呈红色串状,在树上的宿存期达4—5月,是优良的园林观赏树种;该树种还具有耐旱、耐贫瘠的特性,可作为石漠化治理的先锋树种[5]。此外,山桐子油还有较高的生物燃油利用价值,其燃烧品质能够达到美国生物柴油标准,且精炼深加工后还具有食用价值[6],油中维生素E的含量是菜油的两倍以上,有较高的保健作用[5, 7]。
山桐子的遗传改良研究主要集中在天然林分果实性状变异研究和果序、果实类型划分[8]。近年川中丘陵区规模化栽培的山桐子人工林陆续进入结实盛期,开展山桐子实生人工林生长性状和果实性状研究,期望为下一步开展优良家系和无性系选择提供依据。
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单株生长性状和鲜果产量统计结果(见表1)表明:25株单株的树高生长变幅3.4 m~6.4 m,平均值5.05 m;胸径生长变幅5.6 cm~13.1 cm,平均值10.36 cm;枝盘轮数变幅3轮~7轮,单株产量2.59 kg~26.75 kg,平均单株产量为12.92 kg。
表 1 单株生长量和鲜果产量统计表
Table 1. Statistics of individual plant growth and fresh fruit yield
序号 单株号 胸径/cm 树高/m 枝盘轮数/轮 冠幅/m 单株产量/kg 1 6 12.70 6.40 6 4.08 10.87 2 7 10.20 5.60 5 4.69 13.19 3 8 12.00 5.20 4 4.43 3.85 4 9 13.10 5.30 5 5.15 10.77 5 10 11.80 5.80 5 3.60 19.05 6 11 12.20 5.60 5 4.85 9.47 7 13 10.50 5.30 4 5.90 12.57 8 14 8.80 4.50 5 4.58 13.64 9 15 9.80 5.10 6 3.85 2.85 10 16 8.20 5.30 3 3.76 9.64 11 18 11.20 5.30 6 3.89 14.06 12 21 10.10 5.50 4 5.00 26.75 13 23 12.30 5.18 5 5.43 24.72 14 24 12.00 5.70 5 4.13 13.39 15 25 12.40 6.30 7 4.59 14.60 16 26 6.70 3.90 5 2.20 9.17 17 27 5.60 3.40 5 2.61 2.59 18 28 8.20 3.40 4 3.40 15.54 19 29 7.42 3.30 3 3.09 8.08 20 30 9.30 5.40 4 4.58 19.67 21 31 10.80 5.20 4 4.08 8.33 22 32 9.20 4.70 5 4.00 19.17 23 33 11.60 4.60 4 3.78 15.82 24 34 11.10 4.70 4 5.40 11.74 25 35 11.70 5.50 5 4.35 14.67 平均值 10.36 5.04 5 4.22 12.97 -
使用变异系数(CV)来判断每株生长情况是趋于平均化还是趋于分化[9-10](见表2)。其中单株产量变异系数为45%,表明实生起源的山桐子产量差异大。果序长短变异系数最高的是26号单株,达32.83%,而24号单株变异系数最低,可见山桐子果序长短差异较大。13号单株果序重和每串果序果实净重变异系数分别为14.22%和14.25%,表明该单株果序重量相对均匀。10号单株单果长变异系数达10.83%,16号单株单果宽差异极显著,达162.43%,说明山桐子果实表型性状上存在很大差异。
表 2 果序和果实表型性状变异系数
Table 2. Variation coefficient of fruit inflorescence and fruit phenotypic traits
单位:% 单株号 果序长 果序宽 果序重 单果长 单果宽 果柄粗度 每串果序果实净重 百粒重 每串果实数量 6 11.76 12.90 32.17 6.61 5.90 25.40 30.76 11.48 33.80 7 8.91 22.52 30.38 6.36 8.64 19.92 30.03 16.47 27.81 8 7.60 12.29 21.43 9.03 14.26 24.40 22.06 18.69 15.37 9 10.13 10.84 21.18 7.89 9.35 22.04 20.34 80.63 42.61 10 13.10 15.97 26.23 10.83 8.60 21.62 26.22 14.31 30.37 11 9.13 16.19 26.64 5.92 5.91 38.25 25.42 16.22 21.72 13 9.94 12.55 14.22 5.11 5.80 13.84 14.25 14.73 20.95 14 11.01 16.37 30.34 6.63 8.97 44.50 31.41 14.28 22.87 15 8.44 13.15 34.63 3.40 5.63 27.51 34.53 14.57 24.49 16 13.02 9.97 40.19 6.58 162.43 39.62 38.92 24.41 23.05 18 13.69 13.06 33.57 6.36 5.87 24.22 20.97 9.38 19.76 21 4.26 10.15 21.09 5.61 7.98 17.75 21.80 17.85 33.95 23 17.90 21.79 29.91 6.42 8.72 17.62 28.75 10.22 26.46 24 3.33 18.11 30.49 6.98 6.39 11.83 30.28 12.46 24.53 25 10.25 7.49 19.50 4.53 5.26 147.93 20.14 12.24 24.76 26 32.83 16.45 25.88 7.37 6.30 34.24 26.29 15.27 33.10 27 12.81 11.24 25.05 6.17 8.37 16.04 24.56 10.81 23.91 28 12.70 21.68 27.99 5.29 6.52 18.34 28.38 8.38 33.71 29 19.26 17.50 37.82 5.21 3.21 33.09 36.46 6.47 33.90 30 13.69 19.38 26.92 10.49 12.30 27.45 26.23 19.04 26.98 31 14.97 19.10 34.43 7.97 6.36 24.18 33.40 15.66 36.52 32 12.85 18.09 28.69 9.24 7.82 24.43 28.29 13.55 27.62 33 9.57 22.45 17.10 5.05 4.00 13.76 16.98 9.26 11.10 34 19.13 16.40 27.19 7.34 5.66 8.92 25.35 13.36 27.32 35 9.49 13.51 28.18 6.37 9.42 15.14 29.03 21.20 32.49 不同山桐子单株果实特征的方差分析与多重比较结果见表3、表4。从表3可以看出,25株单株果实性状的果序长,果序宽,果序重,单果长,百粒重和果实数量(串)差异极显著(P<0.01);果柄粗度度差异显著(P<0.05),单果宽差异不显著(P>0.05)。单株的果序长、果序宽、果序重、单果长、果柄粗度、每串果序果实净重、百粒重和果实数量(串)的生长数值差异均达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。而果实表型性状的差异主要表现在果序长,果序宽,果序重,单果长,百粒重和果实数量(串)。
表 3 单株果序果实表型性状的平均值及标准差
Table 3. Mean and standard deviation of fruit inflorescenc and fruit phenotypic traits of single plant
单株号 果序长/cm 果序宽/cm 果序重/g 单果长/mm 单果宽/mm 果柄粗度/mm 果实净重/(g·串−1) 百粒重/g 果实数量/(粒·串−1) 6 28.41±3.34 ijkl 11.18±1.44 efgh 68.82±22.14 ghi 8.26±0.55f 9.39±0.55b 2.37±0.60c 61.46±18.9ghi 39.58±4.54defg 157.40±53.20hi 7 37.78±3.34 bc 13.02±2.93bcde 99.71±30.29def 8.46±0.54def 8.87±0.77b 3.29±0.65bc 90.16±27.08cdef 36.46±6.00efgh 248.50±69.11cd 8 33.13±2.52defgh 12.20±1.50cdefg 100.13±21.46def 9.33±0.84b 9.60±1.37b 3.40±0.83bc 90.17±19.89cdef 44.56±8.33cd 202.90±31.19defgh 9 32.28±3.27defghi 12.30±1.33cdefg 55.54±11.76hij 6.87±0.54i 7.22±0.68b 2.85±0.63bc 47.34±9.63hij 32.54±26.24ghijkl 198.40±84.53defgh 10 42.15±5.52a 11.46±1.83defgh 128.71±33.76abc 7.10±0.77hi 7.43±0.64b 4.31±0.93bc 112.59±29.52abc 33.10±4.74ghijk 346.50±105.25ab 11 31.00±2.83efghij 12.24±1.98cdefg 101.8±27.12cdef 8.93±0.53bcd 9.78±0.58b 3.39±1.29bc 90.98±23.12cdef 44.41±7.21cd 206.30±44.82defgh 13 23.36±2.32mn 10.44±1.31fgh 41.91±5.96ij 8.11±0.41fg 8.20±0.48b 2.60±0.36bc 37.89±5.40ij 25.52±3.76klm 151.80±31.80hi 14 27.00±2.97jklm 10.30±1.69gh 67.84±20.58ghi 7.37±0.49hi 8.49±0.76b 3.18±1.41bc 59.91±18.82ghi 33.38±4.77fghij 177.40±40.56defghi 15 22.25±1.88n 10.45±1.37fgh 67.82±23.49ghi 8.5±0.29def 8.20±0.46b 3.08±0.85bc 60.62±20.93ghi 34.88±5.08fghi 170.80±41.83fghi 16 31.20±4.06defghij 10.46±1.04fgh 80.02±32.16fgh 8.37±0.55def 15.50±25.18a 3.31±1.31bc 70.92±27.60fgh 29.2±7.13hijkl 241.80±55.73cdef 18 24.50±3.35lmn 12.50±1.63cdef 126.67±42.52abcd 8.96±0.57bcd 9.82±0.58b 4.37±1.06bc 101.47±21.27bcde 52.12±4.89b 195.00±38.54defgh 21 34.78±1.48cdef 10.51±1.07fgh 90.06±18.99efg 8.19±0.46f 7.75±0.62b 3.95±0.70bc 78.47±17.10efg 28.61±5.11ijkl 286.30±97.19bc 23 35.21±6.30cde 14.26±3.11abc 133.62±39.97ab 8.97±0.58bcd 9.33±0.81b 4.26±0.75bc 120.77±34.73ab 49.70±5.08bc 243.00±64.30cde 24 34.02±1.13cdefg 13.34±2.42abcd 97.04±29.59efg 8.65±0.6cdef 8.09±0.52b 4.27±0.50bc 85.96±26.03def 29.70±3.7hijkl 286.50±70.27bc 25 35.54±3.64cd 13.40±1.00abcd 94.17±18.36efg 9.20±0.42bc 9.72±0.51b 7.06±10.45a 83.46±16.81defg 49.05±6.01bc 172.70±42.76efghi 26 28.64±9.4ijkl 13.62±2.24abcd 94.52±24.46efg 8.45±0.62def 6.95±0.44b 4.47±1.53bc 82.92±21.8defg 29.59±4.52hijkl 288.20±95.4bc 27 21.67±2.77n 9.69±1.09h 37.51±9.4j 8.58±0.53def 7.70±0.64b 2.87±0.46bc 33.06±8.12j 27.00±2.92jklm 123.30±29.48i 28 25.21±3.20klmn 10.40±2.25fgh 76.91±21.52fgh 8.89±0.47bcde 8.69±0.57b 4.26±0.78bc 68.82±19.53fgh 43.39±3.64cde 161.10±54.3hi 29 30.52±5.88fghij 13.61±2.38abcd 152.53±57.69a 8.29±0.43ef 9.64±0.31b 4.82±1.59bc 135.85±49.54a 40.54±2.62def 332.50±112.73b 30 38.03±5.21bc 14.98±2.90ab 118.49±31.9bcde 8.37±0.88def 9.48±1.17b 3.76±1.03bc 106.16±27.85bcd 46.07±8.77bcd 234.90±63.37cdefg 31 29.84±4.47ghij 12.47±2.38cdefg 58.28±20.06hij 8.45±0.67def 7.34±0.47b 3.95±0.95bc 49.53±16.54hij 30.22±4.73hijkl 168.00±61.35ghi 32 29.41±3.78hijk 13.83±2.50abc 144.16±41.36ab 9.18±0.85bc 9.34±0.73b 4.30±1.05bc 130.06±36.8a 44.58±6.04cd 293.60±81.09bc 33 27.29±2.61jklm 13.41±3.01abcd 131.84±22.54ab 10.15±0.51a 10.41±0.42b 3.51±0.48bc 119.83±20.35ab 63.92±5.92a 186.70±20.73defghi 34 41.14±7.87ab 15.21±2.49a 119.2±32.41bcde 7.60±0.56gh 7.44±0.42b 4.97±0.44b 100.01±25.35bcde 25.00±3.34lm 404.70±110.54a 35 38.01±3.61bc 13.77±1.86abc 46.43±13.08ij 8.36±0.53def 6.73±0.63b 4.20±0.64bc 39.67±11.52ij 20.13±4.27m 201.90±65.59defgh 注:不同字母表示不同差异显著,P<0.05(Note: Different letters indicate significant differences, P<0.05) 表 4 不同果序果实表型性状方差分析
Table 4. Variance analysis of fruit phenotypic characteristics of different fruit inflorescenc per plant
生长性状 变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F值 P值 果序长 处理间 7 813.3483 24 325.5562 17.5410** 0.0001 处理内 4 175.8603 225 18.5594 总变异 11 989.2086 249 果序宽 处理间 613.4307 24 25.5596 6.0350** 0.0001 处理内 952.9887 225 4.2355 总变异 1 566.4195 249 果序重 处理间 260 104.2486 24 10 837.677 13.384** 0.0001 处理内 182 195.5052 225 809.7578 总变异 442 299.7538 249 单果长 处理间 122.4766 24 5.1032 14.9350** 0.0001 处理内 76.8796 225 0.3417 总变异 199.3562 249 单果宽 处理间 727.7205 24 30.3217 1.1760 ns 0.2659 处理内 5 801.9005 225 25.7862 总变异 6 529.6210 249 果柄粗度 处理间 221.4017 24 9.2251 1.7710* 0.0176 处理内 1 172.1165 225 5.2094 总变异 1 393.5182 249 百粒重 处理间 25 676.5179 24 1 069.8549 19.4240** 0.0001 处理内 12 392.5472 225 55.0780 总变异 38 069.0651 249 果序果实数/ 处理间 1 159 732.9840 24 48 322.2077 10.4970** 0.0001 处理内 1 035 816.2000 225 4 603.6276 总变异 2 195 549.1840 249 注:“*”表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关;“**”表示在0.01(双侧)上极显著相关;ns表示差异不显著 Notes: “*” represents a significant correlation at 0.05 level (2-tailed); “**” represents a significant correlation at 0.01 level (2-tailed); “ns” represents the difference is not significant. 单株果序果实表型性状的平均值发现,果序长变幅为21.67 cm~42.15 cm,10号单株果序最长,高于平均值34.71%。果序宽变幅为9.69 cm~15.21 cm。果序重变幅为37.51 g~152.53 g;单果长变幅为6.87 mm~10.15 mm;单果宽变幅为6.73 mm~15.50 mm;果柄粗度变幅为2.37 mm~7.06 mm,25号单株高于平均值82.53%;每串果序果实净重变幅为33.06 g~135.85 g;每株果序的百粒重平均变幅为20.13 g~63.92 g;单株产量平均变幅为2.59 kg~26.75 kg;果实数量(串)变幅为123粒~405粒。
从表4可以看出,25株单株果实性状的果序长,果序宽,果序重,单果长,百粒重和果实数量/串差异极显著(P<0.01);果柄粗度度差异显著(P<0.05),单果宽差异不显著(P>0.05)。单株的果序长、果序宽、果序重、单果长、果柄粗度、每串果序果实净重、百粒重和果实数量/串的生长数值差异均达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。而果实表型性状的差异主要表现在果序长,果序宽,果序重,单果长,百粒重和果实数量/串。
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植株果实性状之间有一定的关系[11]。对单株的树高、胸径、冠幅、枝盘轮数、枝条总数、单株产量、果序长、果序宽、果序重、果柄粗度、每串果序果实净重和百粒重做相关性分析(见表5)。如表5所示,树高与胸径、冠幅之间存在极显著的正相关(相关系数r=0.78和0.55),树高与枝盘轮数、总的枝条数和果序长之间存在显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.44、0.42和0.44),单株产量与果序长、果序重、每串果序果实净重之间存在显著的正相关(相关系数分别为0.46、0.41和0.41)。
表 5 果实生长特征值相关性分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis of fruit growth values
树高
/m胸径
/cm冠幅
/m枝盘轮数 枝条总数 单株产量
/kg果序长
/cm果序宽
/cm果序重
/g果柄粗度
/mm果实净重/串
/g百粒重
/g胸径 0.78** 冠幅 0.55** 0.64** 枝盘轮数 0.44* 0.36 0.01 枝条总数 0.42* 0.34 0.17 0.84** 单株产量 0.27 0.25 0.39 −0.01 0.24 果序长 0.44* 0.42* 0.35 −0.09 −0.07 0.46* 果序宽 0.1 0.27 0.16 −0.01 −0.04 0.28 0.58** 每串果序重 −0.06 0.08 −0.06 −0.13 −0.08 0.41* 0.37 0.60** 果柄粗度 0.01 0.07 −0.08 0.2 0.25 0.28 0.42* 0.53** 0.46* 果实净重/串 −0.07 0.07 −0.06 −0.15 −0.1 0.41* 0.36 0.59** 1.00** 0.44* 百粒重 0.03 0.24 −0.03 0.17 0.16 0.22 −0.13 0.27 0.61** 0.2 0.62** 果实数量/串 −0.05 −0.02 0.01 −0.31 −0.2 0.32 0.65** 0.52** 0.65** 0.40* 0.63** −0.17 注:“*”表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关;“**”表示在0.01(双侧)上极显著相关。
Notes: “*” represents a significant correlation at 0.05 level (2-tailed); “**” represents a significant correlation at 0.01 level (2-tailed).
A Study of Growth and Fruiting Characteristics of Idesia polycarpa Plantation in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan
More Information-
摘要: 山桐子是四川优良乡土木本油料树种,开展实生人工林生长和果实性状研究,为下一步开展人工林优良家系和优良无性系选择提供科学依据。对川中丘陵区5年生实生人工林生长和果实表型性状进行调查和统计分析,研究结果表明:单株间产量变幅为2.59~26.75 kg,果实百粒重变幅为20.13~63.92 g,初选25个单株生长性状和果实表型性状差异均达到显著水平。单株生长性状和果实表型性状相关性分析结果表明:果序重与果柄粗度有显著正相关;树高、胸径和冠幅之间存在极显著正相关;枝盘轮数和总的枝条数之间存在极显著正相关;单株产量与果序长、果序重和每串果序果实净重之间存在显著正相关。山桐子人工林单株间生长和结实性状差异显著,选择潜力大。Abstract: Idesia polycarpa (IP) is an excellent native woody oil tree species in Sichuan. In order to provide scientific basis for the selection of superior family and fine clone in plantations in the future, studies were made of growth and fruit characteristics of Idesia polycarpa seed plantations. In this paper, the growth and fruit phenotypic characteristics of 5-year-old plantation in hilly areas of central Sichuan were investigated and statistically analyzed. The results showed that (1) the yield per plant varied from 2.59 kg to 26.75 kg, and the 100-grain weight of the fruit varied from 20.13 g to 63.92 g; (2) there were significant differences in growth traits and fruit phenotypic traits of the 25 primary selected plants. The results of correlation analysis between plant growth traits and fruit phenotypic traits showed that (a) there was a significant positive correlation among fruit sequence weight and fruit stalk thickness; (b) there was very significant positive correlation among tree height, DBH and crown width; (c) there was very significant positive correlation between the number of branches and the total number of branches; (d) there was significant positive correlation among the yield per plant and fruit inflorescence length, fruit inflorescence weight and net weight of each fruit inflorescence. In conclusion, there were significant differences in growth traits and fruiting characteristics between individual plants of Idesia polycarpa plantation, thus having great selection potential.
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Key words:
- Idesia polycarpa;
- Growth traits;
- Fruiting traits
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表 1 单株生长量和鲜果产量统计表
Tab. 1 Statistics of individual plant growth and fresh fruit yield
序号 单株号 胸径/cm 树高/m 枝盘轮数/轮 冠幅/m 单株产量/kg 1 6 12.70 6.40 6 4.08 10.87 2 7 10.20 5.60 5 4.69 13.19 3 8 12.00 5.20 4 4.43 3.85 4 9 13.10 5.30 5 5.15 10.77 5 10 11.80 5.80 5 3.60 19.05 6 11 12.20 5.60 5 4.85 9.47 7 13 10.50 5.30 4 5.90 12.57 8 14 8.80 4.50 5 4.58 13.64 9 15 9.80 5.10 6 3.85 2.85 10 16 8.20 5.30 3 3.76 9.64 11 18 11.20 5.30 6 3.89 14.06 12 21 10.10 5.50 4 5.00 26.75 13 23 12.30 5.18 5 5.43 24.72 14 24 12.00 5.70 5 4.13 13.39 15 25 12.40 6.30 7 4.59 14.60 16 26 6.70 3.90 5 2.20 9.17 17 27 5.60 3.40 5 2.61 2.59 18 28 8.20 3.40 4 3.40 15.54 19 29 7.42 3.30 3 3.09 8.08 20 30 9.30 5.40 4 4.58 19.67 21 31 10.80 5.20 4 4.08 8.33 22 32 9.20 4.70 5 4.00 19.17 23 33 11.60 4.60 4 3.78 15.82 24 34 11.10 4.70 4 5.40 11.74 25 35 11.70 5.50 5 4.35 14.67 平均值 10.36 5.04 5 4.22 12.97 表 2 果序和果实表型性状变异系数
Tab. 2 Variation coefficient of fruit inflorescence and fruit phenotypic traits
单位:% 单株号 果序长 果序宽 果序重 单果长 单果宽 果柄粗度 每串果序果实净重 百粒重 每串果实数量 6 11.76 12.90 32.17 6.61 5.90 25.40 30.76 11.48 33.80 7 8.91 22.52 30.38 6.36 8.64 19.92 30.03 16.47 27.81 8 7.60 12.29 21.43 9.03 14.26 24.40 22.06 18.69 15.37 9 10.13 10.84 21.18 7.89 9.35 22.04 20.34 80.63 42.61 10 13.10 15.97 26.23 10.83 8.60 21.62 26.22 14.31 30.37 11 9.13 16.19 26.64 5.92 5.91 38.25 25.42 16.22 21.72 13 9.94 12.55 14.22 5.11 5.80 13.84 14.25 14.73 20.95 14 11.01 16.37 30.34 6.63 8.97 44.50 31.41 14.28 22.87 15 8.44 13.15 34.63 3.40 5.63 27.51 34.53 14.57 24.49 16 13.02 9.97 40.19 6.58 162.43 39.62 38.92 24.41 23.05 18 13.69 13.06 33.57 6.36 5.87 24.22 20.97 9.38 19.76 21 4.26 10.15 21.09 5.61 7.98 17.75 21.80 17.85 33.95 23 17.90 21.79 29.91 6.42 8.72 17.62 28.75 10.22 26.46 24 3.33 18.11 30.49 6.98 6.39 11.83 30.28 12.46 24.53 25 10.25 7.49 19.50 4.53 5.26 147.93 20.14 12.24 24.76 26 32.83 16.45 25.88 7.37 6.30 34.24 26.29 15.27 33.10 27 12.81 11.24 25.05 6.17 8.37 16.04 24.56 10.81 23.91 28 12.70 21.68 27.99 5.29 6.52 18.34 28.38 8.38 33.71 29 19.26 17.50 37.82 5.21 3.21 33.09 36.46 6.47 33.90 30 13.69 19.38 26.92 10.49 12.30 27.45 26.23 19.04 26.98 31 14.97 19.10 34.43 7.97 6.36 24.18 33.40 15.66 36.52 32 12.85 18.09 28.69 9.24 7.82 24.43 28.29 13.55 27.62 33 9.57 22.45 17.10 5.05 4.00 13.76 16.98 9.26 11.10 34 19.13 16.40 27.19 7.34 5.66 8.92 25.35 13.36 27.32 35 9.49 13.51 28.18 6.37 9.42 15.14 29.03 21.20 32.49 表 3 单株果序果实表型性状的平均值及标准差
Tab. 3 Mean and standard deviation of fruit inflorescenc and fruit phenotypic traits of single plant
单株号 果序长/cm 果序宽/cm 果序重/g 单果长/mm 单果宽/mm 果柄粗度/mm 果实净重/(g·串−1) 百粒重/g 果实数量/(粒·串−1) 6 28.41±3.34 ijkl 11.18±1.44 efgh 68.82±22.14 ghi 8.26±0.55f 9.39±0.55b 2.37±0.60c 61.46±18.9ghi 39.58±4.54defg 157.40±53.20hi 7 37.78±3.34 bc 13.02±2.93bcde 99.71±30.29def 8.46±0.54def 8.87±0.77b 3.29±0.65bc 90.16±27.08cdef 36.46±6.00efgh 248.50±69.11cd 8 33.13±2.52defgh 12.20±1.50cdefg 100.13±21.46def 9.33±0.84b 9.60±1.37b 3.40±0.83bc 90.17±19.89cdef 44.56±8.33cd 202.90±31.19defgh 9 32.28±3.27defghi 12.30±1.33cdefg 55.54±11.76hij 6.87±0.54i 7.22±0.68b 2.85±0.63bc 47.34±9.63hij 32.54±26.24ghijkl 198.40±84.53defgh 10 42.15±5.52a 11.46±1.83defgh 128.71±33.76abc 7.10±0.77hi 7.43±0.64b 4.31±0.93bc 112.59±29.52abc 33.10±4.74ghijk 346.50±105.25ab 11 31.00±2.83efghij 12.24±1.98cdefg 101.8±27.12cdef 8.93±0.53bcd 9.78±0.58b 3.39±1.29bc 90.98±23.12cdef 44.41±7.21cd 206.30±44.82defgh 13 23.36±2.32mn 10.44±1.31fgh 41.91±5.96ij 8.11±0.41fg 8.20±0.48b 2.60±0.36bc 37.89±5.40ij 25.52±3.76klm 151.80±31.80hi 14 27.00±2.97jklm 10.30±1.69gh 67.84±20.58ghi 7.37±0.49hi 8.49±0.76b 3.18±1.41bc 59.91±18.82ghi 33.38±4.77fghij 177.40±40.56defghi 15 22.25±1.88n 10.45±1.37fgh 67.82±23.49ghi 8.5±0.29def 8.20±0.46b 3.08±0.85bc 60.62±20.93ghi 34.88±5.08fghi 170.80±41.83fghi 16 31.20±4.06defghij 10.46±1.04fgh 80.02±32.16fgh 8.37±0.55def 15.50±25.18a 3.31±1.31bc 70.92±27.60fgh 29.2±7.13hijkl 241.80±55.73cdef 18 24.50±3.35lmn 12.50±1.63cdef 126.67±42.52abcd 8.96±0.57bcd 9.82±0.58b 4.37±1.06bc 101.47±21.27bcde 52.12±4.89b 195.00±38.54defgh 21 34.78±1.48cdef 10.51±1.07fgh 90.06±18.99efg 8.19±0.46f 7.75±0.62b 3.95±0.70bc 78.47±17.10efg 28.61±5.11ijkl 286.30±97.19bc 23 35.21±6.30cde 14.26±3.11abc 133.62±39.97ab 8.97±0.58bcd 9.33±0.81b 4.26±0.75bc 120.77±34.73ab 49.70±5.08bc 243.00±64.30cde 24 34.02±1.13cdefg 13.34±2.42abcd 97.04±29.59efg 8.65±0.6cdef 8.09±0.52b 4.27±0.50bc 85.96±26.03def 29.70±3.7hijkl 286.50±70.27bc 25 35.54±3.64cd 13.40±1.00abcd 94.17±18.36efg 9.20±0.42bc 9.72±0.51b 7.06±10.45a 83.46±16.81defg 49.05±6.01bc 172.70±42.76efghi 26 28.64±9.4ijkl 13.62±2.24abcd 94.52±24.46efg 8.45±0.62def 6.95±0.44b 4.47±1.53bc 82.92±21.8defg 29.59±4.52hijkl 288.20±95.4bc 27 21.67±2.77n 9.69±1.09h 37.51±9.4j 8.58±0.53def 7.70±0.64b 2.87±0.46bc 33.06±8.12j 27.00±2.92jklm 123.30±29.48i 28 25.21±3.20klmn 10.40±2.25fgh 76.91±21.52fgh 8.89±0.47bcde 8.69±0.57b 4.26±0.78bc 68.82±19.53fgh 43.39±3.64cde 161.10±54.3hi 29 30.52±5.88fghij 13.61±2.38abcd 152.53±57.69a 8.29±0.43ef 9.64±0.31b 4.82±1.59bc 135.85±49.54a 40.54±2.62def 332.50±112.73b 30 38.03±5.21bc 14.98±2.90ab 118.49±31.9bcde 8.37±0.88def 9.48±1.17b 3.76±1.03bc 106.16±27.85bcd 46.07±8.77bcd 234.90±63.37cdefg 31 29.84±4.47ghij 12.47±2.38cdefg 58.28±20.06hij 8.45±0.67def 7.34±0.47b 3.95±0.95bc 49.53±16.54hij 30.22±4.73hijkl 168.00±61.35ghi 32 29.41±3.78hijk 13.83±2.50abc 144.16±41.36ab 9.18±0.85bc 9.34±0.73b 4.30±1.05bc 130.06±36.8a 44.58±6.04cd 293.60±81.09bc 33 27.29±2.61jklm 13.41±3.01abcd 131.84±22.54ab 10.15±0.51a 10.41±0.42b 3.51±0.48bc 119.83±20.35ab 63.92±5.92a 186.70±20.73defghi 34 41.14±7.87ab 15.21±2.49a 119.2±32.41bcde 7.60±0.56gh 7.44±0.42b 4.97±0.44b 100.01±25.35bcde 25.00±3.34lm 404.70±110.54a 35 38.01±3.61bc 13.77±1.86abc 46.43±13.08ij 8.36±0.53def 6.73±0.63b 4.20±0.64bc 39.67±11.52ij 20.13±4.27m 201.90±65.59defgh 注:不同字母表示不同差异显著,P<0.05(Note: Different letters indicate significant differences, P<0.05) 表 4 不同果序果实表型性状方差分析
Tab. 4 Variance analysis of fruit phenotypic characteristics of different fruit inflorescenc per plant
生长性状 变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F值 P值 果序长 处理间 7 813.3483 24 325.5562 17.5410** 0.0001 处理内 4 175.8603 225 18.5594 总变异 11 989.2086 249 果序宽 处理间 613.4307 24 25.5596 6.0350** 0.0001 处理内 952.9887 225 4.2355 总变异 1 566.4195 249 果序重 处理间 260 104.2486 24 10 837.677 13.384** 0.0001 处理内 182 195.5052 225 809.7578 总变异 442 299.7538 249 单果长 处理间 122.4766 24 5.1032 14.9350** 0.0001 处理内 76.8796 225 0.3417 总变异 199.3562 249 单果宽 处理间 727.7205 24 30.3217 1.1760 ns 0.2659 处理内 5 801.9005 225 25.7862 总变异 6 529.6210 249 果柄粗度 处理间 221.4017 24 9.2251 1.7710* 0.0176 处理内 1 172.1165 225 5.2094 总变异 1 393.5182 249 百粒重 处理间 25 676.5179 24 1 069.8549 19.4240** 0.0001 处理内 12 392.5472 225 55.0780 总变异 38 069.0651 249 果序果实数/ 处理间 1 159 732.9840 24 48 322.2077 10.4970** 0.0001 处理内 1 035 816.2000 225 4 603.6276 总变异 2 195 549.1840 249 注:“*”表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关;“**”表示在0.01(双侧)上极显著相关;ns表示差异不显著 Notes: “*” represents a significant correlation at 0.05 level (2-tailed); “**” represents a significant correlation at 0.01 level (2-tailed); “ns” represents the difference is not significant. 表 5 果实生长特征值相关性分析
Tab. 5 Correlation analysis of fruit growth values
树高
/m胸径
/cm冠幅
/m枝盘轮数 枝条总数 单株产量
/kg果序长
/cm果序宽
/cm果序重
/g果柄粗度
/mm果实净重/串
/g百粒重
/g胸径 0.78** 冠幅 0.55** 0.64** 枝盘轮数 0.44* 0.36 0.01 枝条总数 0.42* 0.34 0.17 0.84** 单株产量 0.27 0.25 0.39 −0.01 0.24 果序长 0.44* 0.42* 0.35 −0.09 −0.07 0.46* 果序宽 0.1 0.27 0.16 −0.01 −0.04 0.28 0.58** 每串果序重 −0.06 0.08 −0.06 −0.13 −0.08 0.41* 0.37 0.60** 果柄粗度 0.01 0.07 −0.08 0.2 0.25 0.28 0.42* 0.53** 0.46* 果实净重/串 −0.07 0.07 −0.06 −0.15 −0.1 0.41* 0.36 0.59** 1.00** 0.44* 百粒重 0.03 0.24 −0.03 0.17 0.16 0.22 −0.13 0.27 0.61** 0.2 0.62** 果实数量/串 −0.05 −0.02 0.01 −0.31 −0.2 0.32 0.65** 0.52** 0.65** 0.40* 0.63** −0.17 注:“*”表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关;“**”表示在0.01(双侧)上极显著相关。
Notes: “*” represents a significant correlation at 0.05 level (2-tailed); “**” represents a significant correlation at 0.01 level (2-tailed). -
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