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黔中杜鹃（Rhododendron feddei）属于杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）杜鹃属（Rhododendron）马银花亚属（Rhododendron subg. Azaleastrum）长蕊杜鹃组（Rhododendron sect. Choniastrum）的种类[1]，特产于贵州，因叶背面中脉中下部有星散的硬刚毛而与马银花亚属的其他种明显区别，对马银花亚属的分类有重要意义；该种虽然在1913年就已经发表，但是在《贵州植物志》3卷（1986）和《中国植物志》57卷（2）（1994）中都没有收录，只在《FOC》14卷[2]中有记录，却缺乏花器官的描述；2019年5月20日和2019年6月5日在贵定平伐海拔1 330 m和雷公山主峰山腰海拔1500 m采集到黔中杜鹃标本。贵定平伐为单株分布，雷公山为群落分布，分布面积约200 m2，共计12株。近年来，偶有杜鹃属植物新纪录种的补充描述，如早春杜鹃（2）。但有关黔中杜鹃的研究没有报道，只有记录在1903年6月18日在贵州贵定平伐采集到标本并有少部分特征描述[3]。本文针对该种杜鹃的花部形态及叶形大小等特征进行补充描述。
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常绿灌木或小乔木，高2~8 m；幼枝纤细，无毛。叶革质，通常簇生枝顶，7~11 × 2~3.2 cm；叶片倒披针形或长圆状披针形，长7~11 cm，宽2~3.2 cm；基部狭楔形，先端渐尖，边缘微反卷，上面深绿色，有光泽，下面淡绿色，除了在下面的中脉上有星散的硬刚毛外，两面无毛，中脉在上面微凹陷，下面凸出，侧脉网状，两面明显；叶柄粗壮，绿色，长8~12 mm，无毛。花芽圆锥状，鳞片长卵形，无毛，覆瓦状排列。花常5朵簇生枝顶；花梗长2~2.3 cm，无毛；花萼退化至一波状凸缘，无毛，花冠漏斗形，常白色，长2.5~3 cm，5深裂，裂片倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长2~2.5 cm，上方裂片内侧具黄色斑点，花冠管筒状，长约1.2 cm，向基部渐狭；雄蕊10，细长，伸出花冠约2倍长，花丝无毛；子房圆柱形，无毛，长约4 mm，花柱长4~5 cm，超过雄蕊，无毛。蒴果狭圆筒状，长25~30 mm。花期5—6月，果期8—10月。
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 2~8 m tall; young shoots thin, glabrous. Leaves leathery, usually clustered to apical, leaf blade oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, base narrow cuneate, apex acuminate; edge slightly rolled, adaxial surface dark green, glossy, abaxial surface shallow green, both surfaces glabrous except for the scattered bristles on the midrib below, midrib prominent abaxial, grooved adaxial, lateral veins reticulate and conspicuous on both surfaces; Petiole stout, green, 8~12 mm, glabrous. Flower buds conical, scales ovate, glabrous, imbricate. Inflorescence subapical, usually 5-flowered; Pedicel 2~2.3 cm, glabrous; calyx reduced to an undulate rim, glabrous; corolla funnelform, usually white, 2.5~3 cm, corolla5, lobes obovate or oblong-obovate, 2~2.5cm, the upper lobes with yellow flecks within, corolla tube cylindrical, tube ca. 1.2 cm, tapering narrow toward base; stamens 10, slender, exserted twice longer than corolla, filaments glabrous; ovary cylindric, glabrous，ca. 4 mm, style 4~5 cm, longer than stamen, glabrous. Capsule narrowly cylindric, 25~30 mm, glabrous. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
标本2019年6月5日采于中国贵州贵定县平伐。北纬26.222817度；东经107.027614度，海拔1 330 m。采集人：戴晓勇，冯邦贤，标本号 19052003（花期）植株、叶、花枝和花，见附图1。
Type: Pingfa, Guiding County, Guizhou City, China. 26.222817°N, 107.027614°E, altitude 1 330 m, 5 June 2019, Xiaoyong Dai & Bangxian Feng 19052003 (fl) (Holotype: GF).
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花芽圆锥状，鳞片长卵形，无毛，覆瓦状排列。花常5朵簇生枝顶；花梗长2~2.3 cm，无毛；花萼退化至一波状凸缘,无毛花冠漏斗形，常白色，长2.5~3 cm，5深裂，裂片倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长2~2.5 cm，上方裂片内侧具黄色斑点，花冠管筒状，长约1.2 cm，向基部渐狭； 雄蕊10，细长，伸出花冠约2倍长，花丝无毛；子房圆柱形，无毛，长约4 mm，花柱长4~5 cm，超过雄蕊，无毛。蒴果狭圆筒状，长25~30 mm。黔中杜鹃手绘图见附图2。
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该种在形态上与长蕊杜鹃Rhododendron stamineum较相近，但该种叶背面中脉中下部有星散的硬刚毛；侧脉网状在两面明显，花丝无毛。两者易于区分。
Supplementary Description of Rhododendron feddei in Guizhou
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摘要: 该文对黔中杜鹃花部形态和叶形大小进行了补充描述。花常5朵簇生枝顶，花萼退化至一波状凸缘，无毛，花冠漏斗形，5深裂，花冠管筒状，长约1.2 cm，向基部渐狭；雄蕊10，细长，伸出花冠约2倍长，花丝无毛。该种与长蕊杜鹃相近，因叶背中脉有硬刚毛而易于区分。该研究结果为该种进一步分类修订提供了有价值的信息。Abstract: In this paper, the floral morphology and leaf size of Rhododendron feddei were described and supplemented. Inflorescence subapical, usually 5-flowered; calyx reduced to an undulate rim, glabrous; corolla funnelform 5, corolla tube cylindrical; tube ca. 1.2 cm, tapering narrow toward base; tamens 10, slender, exserted twice longer than corolla, filaments glabrous. This species was similar to Rhododendron stamineum, but it was easily distinguished due to the stiff bristles in midvein of the leaf back midrib. This paper provided some valuable information for further taxonomic revision of Rhododendron species.
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Key words:
- Rhododendron feddei;
- Supplementary description;
- Guizhou
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[1] WU ZY, Raven, et al, 2005. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae(English Revise Edition)[M]. 北京: 中国科学出版社, 14: 472. [2] XIANG Jian-Feng, YU Xun-Lin, LUO Kai-Wen. A newly recorded species and its supplementary description of Ericaceae from Hunan[J]. 广西植物, 2017, 37(8): 989−992. [3] Friedricb Fedde, 1913. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis[M]. Berlin. COMMISSIONS. VERLAG VON GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER, 12: 102. -
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