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元宝枫是城市园林中重要的彩叶树种,目前在山西省各城市中均有广泛的应用[1]。由于近年来对城市绿化的重视,使得元宝枫苗木需求量增加较快,这也带动了各苗圃加快培养元宝枫苗木的步伐。园林树木育苗中,施肥是促进苗木快速成苗的有效措施[2]。施肥促进苗木生长的主要原因是改善了植物的营养状况,提高了树木对外界环境条件的抗逆性和适应性,并且还可以改善树木的生理特性[3]。李红霞[4]研究认为,追施氮肥可以提高紫丁香叶片内的叶绿素含量,提高POD、SOD活性,对改善树木的生理特性具有较好的作用;张吉立[5]研究认为,施肥可以显著提高早熟禾叶片内的叶绿素含量,促进植株生长;郭晓霄[6]研究认为,氮营养可以显著提高连翘叶片内叶绿素和渗透物质含量,提高植株适应性,促进苗木健壮生长;袁卉馥[7]研究认为,施肥可以显著提高金莲花叶片内黄酮含量,对促进植株生长具有显著作用;田宝[8]研究认为,施用氮肥显著提高了小叶丁香叶片内保护酶活性,提高了植株抗逆性,促进了苗木生长;高瑞红[9]研究认为,根外追肥可以显著提高红王子锦带叶片内保护酶活性,同时降低MDA含量,对提高其适应性具有显著作用。从前人的相关研究来看,鲜见关于施用氮肥对元宝枫苗木生理特性影响的相关报道,本文以此为契机,通过分析不同氮肥施用量对4年生元宝枫苗木生理特性的影响规律,以期为其育苗中科学合理施肥提高理论依据。
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics of Acer truncatum Seedling Leaves in the Growing Season
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摘要: 试验研究了不同氮肥施用量对4年生元宝枫苗木生理特性的影响规律,以期为其育苗中科学合理的施肥提供理论依据。试验在田间条件下,设置氮肥施用量分别为0 g/株(CK,Y1)、8 g·株−1(Y2)、16 g·株−1(Y3)、24 g·株−1(Y4)4个处理,所有处理钾肥施用量均为10 g·株−1,小区试验设计,3次重复。结果表明:5—9月,Y3叶绿素含量分别比对照提高了41.19%、96.20%、116.89%、135.20%、31.92%,Y4与Y3之间无显著差异,Y3显著高于Y2;6、8、9月Y3黄酮含量分别比Y4提高了2.98%、9.36%、5.01%,无显著差异,Y3显著高于Y2和对照;5—8月,Y3硝酸还原酶活性分别比对照提高了40.59%、35.53%、37.76%、46.21%,Y4与Y3之间无显著差异;5—7月,可溶性蛋白含量Y1、Y2、Y3均显著高于对照,8—9月Y3分别高于对照26.53%、14.41%。综合分析认为,Y3处理为元宝枫育苗中的建议施肥处理。Abstract: In order to provide theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable fertilization management in seedling cultivation, studies were made of effects of different application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the physiological characteristics of 4-years-old Acer truncatum in the field conditions. There were four nitrogen fertilizer application rates: 0 g·plant−1 (CK, Y1), 8 g·plant−1 (Y2), 16 g·plant−1 (Y3) and 24 g·plant−1 (Y4), respectively. The potassium fertilizer application rate was 10 g·plant−1 for all the nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The experiment was conducted in a simple plot design with 3 repetitions. The results showed that 1) from May to September, the chlorophyll content of Y3 increased by 41.19%, 96.20%, 116.89%, 135.20%, 31.92% respectively as compared with the control. And there was no significant difference between Y4 and Y3, and Y3 was significantly higher than Y2. 2) In June, August and September, the flavone content of Y3 increased by 2.98%, 9.36% and 5.01% respectively as compared with Y4, displaying no significant difference. Y3 was significantly higher than Y2 and the control. 3) From May to August, the NR (nitrate reductase) activity of Y3 increased by 40.59%, 35.53%, 37.76%, 46.21% respectively as compared with the control. There was no significant difference between Y4 and Y3. 4) From May to July, soluble protein contents of Y1, Y2 and Y3 were significant higher than those of the control. From August to September, soluble protein content of Y3 was higher than that of the control, increasing by 26.53% and 14.41% respectively. In summary, Y3 treatment was the recommended fertilization treatment in the seedling cultivation of Acer truncatum.
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